466 A FLORA OF MANILA 
7. Paleae of the receptacle flat, narrow.................... 19. Eclipta 
7. Paleae of the receptacle embracing the achenes. 
8. Pappus of 2 to 4 thin, chaffy, deciduous scales; coarse 
erect, cultivated plants with very large heads. 
20. Helianthus 
Se EPS PUATIC. 5a sesn ade teen eeatntat ae 21. Wedelia 
3. Pappus of 2 or 4 awns. : 
4, -Aehenes lone-heuked..- 1k eet na eee ee 22. Cosmos 
4, Achenes not -beaked..... 22+). caspicat a eeiesevad a eee 23. Bidens 
1. All the flowers ligulate, no tubular ones present; herbs with milky juice. 
2. Leaves scattered along the stem, not rosulate. 
B. monemens “bealeed: 2's ane Ae ee ee 24. Lactuca 
3; Athenes: not ‘heaked:..< 203%. Sais 8 ee 25. Sonchus 
2. Leaves all or mostly basal, rosulate.........2....2....:----ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeee 26. Crepis 
1. VERNONIA Schreber 
Erect herbs, woody vines, or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. 
Heads terminal or axillary, cymose or panicled. Involucre as long as or 
shorter than the flowers, the bracts in many series, the outer ones shorter. 
Flowers all perfect, the corollas all equal, tubular, slender, 5-lobed. Achenes 
striate, ribbed or angled; pappus hairs numerous. (In honor of W. Vernon, 
an early English botanist.) 
Species more than 400, chiefly tropical, about 12 in the Philippines. 
Heéads:about. 8mm -in sliatmeter: =o). 2ieb nolo ds i soe es 1. V. patula 
Heads about 2.5 mm in diametet............2-.--..----2se-enecceesteneneecneeese 2. V. cinerea 
1. V. PATULA (Ait.) Merr. (V. chinensis Less.). Bulac-manoc (Tag.). 
An annual, erect, rather stout herb with spreading branches, 1 m high 
or less, more or less ashy-puberulent. Leaves sessile or petioled, ovate 
to elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 12 cm long, shallowly toothed. Heads 40- to 
70-flowered, ovoid, peduncled, in leafy panicles, scattered or in pairs, about 
1 cm long, 8 mm in diameter, the involucral bracts green, the flowers 
pale-purple. 
In open waste places, occasional, fl. Sept._Apr., widely distributed in the 
Philippines and undoubtedly an introduced plant here. India to southern 
China and Malaya. 
2. V. CINEREA (L.) Less. 
An erect, slender, sparingly branched, somewhat pubescent, annual herb 
20 to 80 cm high. Leaves petioled, oblanceolate to obovate, acute or ob- 
tuse, shallowly toothed, 2 to 6 cm long. Heads small, peduncled, in open, 
lax corymbs, about 7 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter, the flowers rather 
bright-purple, about 20 in each head, twice as long as the involucral 
bracts. (FI. Filip. pl. 280.) 
In open waste places, common, fl. all the year; throughout the Philip- 
pines, but certainly introduced. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya 
to Australia. 
2. EUPATORIUM Linnaeus 
Perennial herbs or undershrubs with opposite or alternate leaves. Heads 
corymbose, many-flowered, homogamous, the involucre long or short, of 
few- to many-seriate subequal bracts, or the outer bracts shorter; recep- 
