COMPOSITAE 469 
8. E. spicATus Aubl. 
An ,erect, rather stiff herb 20 to 60 cm high, sparingly appressed- 
pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves oblong-obovate, obtuse, base nar- 
rowed, crenate, 9 to 14 cm long, those of the upper part of the stem smaller. 
Heads about 1.5 cm long, sessile, in clusters of 2 to 5, in the axils of very 
much reduced leaves, arranged along the few, elongated, spike-like branches 
of the inflorescence. Involucral-bracts green, the outer much smaller than 
the inner ones. Achenes ribbed, hirsute, the pappus-hairs 4, dilated and 
laciniate-cleft at the base, unequal, 2 straight, 2 longer, abruptly recurved 
and again curved upward. Corolla white, about 7 mm long. 
In open waste places, fl. Dec.—April; common and widely distributed in 
the Philippines. Introduced from tropical America, but reported from 
no other part of the Orient except Guam and southern China. 
5. SPHAERANTHUS Linnaeus 
Annual, erect or spreading, rather coarse herbs. Leaves alternate, 
toothed, decurrent on the branches. Heads small, in terminal, solitary, 
globose clusters. Flowers heterogamous, the outer ones few or many, 
female, slender, the limb minutely 2- or 3-toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, 
solitary or few, the limb 4- or 5-toothed. Involucre narrow, the bracts 
dry, acute, unequal. Achenes oblong, somewhat compressed, the pappus 
none. (Greek “sphere” and “flower,” from the globose inflorescence.) 
Species about 8, tropical Africa, Asia, to Australia, 1 in the Philippines. 
1. S. AFRICANUS L. 
A more or less pubescent or nearly glabrous, rather coarse, branched 
herb less than 1 m high, the branches spreading the stems and branches 
prominently 3-winged by the decurrent leaves. Leaves obovate to oblong- 
obovate, sessile, 4 to 13 cm long, finely toothed. Heads very numerous, in 
dense, globose clusters about 1 cm in diameter, solitary, on erect, winged 
peduncles. Flowers greenish-white. 
In waste places, occasional, fl. Sept._April; of local occurrence about 
towns in the Philippines, certainly an introduced plant here. Tropical 
Africa and Asia, through Malaya to Australia. 
7. BLUMEA DeCandolle 
Annual or perennial, glandular, pubescent, or glabrous, usually erect, 
simple or branched herbs, often aromatic. Leaves alternate, toothed or 
lobed. Heads small, usually numerous, scattered or fascicled in corymbose 
panicles or in spike-like racemes, yellow or purplish. Involucre ovoid or 
campanulate, the bracts narrow, many-seriate, the outer ones smaller. 
Outer flowers female, very numerous, slender, tubular, the limb 4- or 
5-toothed. Inner perfect flowers few, stouter. Achenes small, cylindric 
or angled; pappus white or brownish, the hairs 1-seriate, slender. (In 
honor of C. L. Blume, a Dutch botanist.) 
Species about 75, tropical Asia, and Africa, through Malaya to Australia, 
about 20 in the Philippines. 
1. A coarse, erect, stout, suffrutescent herb, or a shrub 2 to 3 m high, the 
leaves very strongly aromatic.............2......:::-2:00-seeeee-+ 1. B. balsamiyera 
1. Herbs, branched or simple, 20 to 120 em high, slightly or not aromatic. 
2. Heads very numerous, crowded in dense spike-like racemes or panicles; 
softly pubescent plants. 
