COMPOSITAE A771 
disk-flowers perfect, few, tubular, limb 5-fid. Involucre ovoid or campanul- 
ate, the bracts ovate, dry, rigid, usually broad; receptacle flat, naked. An- 
ther-cells tailed at the base. Achenes 5- to 10-ribbed, those of the female 
flowers with no pappus, those of the perfect flowers with 2 or 8 or no 
pappus-hairs. (Dedicated to the Abbé Pluche.) 
Species about 10 in tropical Asia, Africa, and America, 2 or 8 in the 
Philippines. 
1. P. indica (L.) Less. Calapini (Tag.). 
An erect, much-branched shrub 1 to 2m high. Leaves oblong-obovate to 
oblong-elliptic, apiculate, acute, or obtuse, slightly and irregularly toothed, 
1.5 to 4 cm long, base wedge-shaped. Inflorescence a compound, terminal, 
slightly pubescent corymb 5 to 11 cm long. Heads numerous, about 5 mm 
long, the bracts ovate, acute or obtuse, the inner ones gradually longer. 
Flowers numerous, pink-purple or lilac. Achenes minute, ribbed, the pap- 
pus white, scanty. 
In thickets and open places subject to the influence of salt or brackish 
water, Malabon, Pasay, etc., fl. more or less all the year; throughout the 
Philippines near the sea. India to southern China and Malaya. 
9. GRANGEA Adanson 
Ascending or prostrate, villous, much-branched herbs. Leaves alternate, 
pinnatifid. Heads globose, terminal or leaf-opposed, yellow, not rayed. 
Outer flowers in 1 to many series, female, slender, the disk-flowers perfect, 
slender, the limb 4- or 5-cleft. Bracts of the involucre in few series; re- 
ceptacles convex or conic, glabrous. Achenes flattened or nearly cylindric; 
pappus cupular. 
Species 3 or 4 in tropical Asia and Africa, 1 introduced in the Philippines. 
1. G. MADERASPATANA (L.) Poir. 
Stems spreading from the root, branched, up to 70 cm in length, all 
parts pubescent. Leaves 2 to 5 cm long, sinuately pinnatifid, the lobes 
toothed. Heads globose, leaf-opposed, short-peduncled, 8 to 10 mm in diam- 
eter. Flower small, very numerous, yellow. Achenes about 2 mm long, 
cylindric, the pappus-hairs connate into a short, fimbriate tube. 
In open waste places, occasional, fl. March-May; of very local occurrence 
in the Philippines, and undoubtedly introduced. Tropical and subtropical 
Asia and Africa. 
10. CROSSOSTEPHIUM Lessing 
An ‘undershrub, the branchlets and leaves densely gray-pubescent. 
Leaves alternate, entire or 2- to 5-toothed, or -lobed at the apex. Heads 
small, disk-like or depressed-globose, short-peduncled, in simple or panicu- 
late, leafy, terminal racemes. Outer two series of flowers female, with 
tubular, shortly 2- or 3-toothed corollas; disk flowers perfect, regular, 
tubular, shortly 5-fid. Achenes 5-angled; pappus short, lacerate, or of 
small, divided scales. (Greek “scale” and “crown,” in allusion to the 
pappus characters.) 
A monotypic Chinese genus, introduced and cultivated in the Philippines. 
*1. C. ARTEMISIOIDES Less. Ajenjo (Tag.). 
An erect or spreading, branched undershrub 10 to 40 cm high. Leaves 
alternate, crowded toward the ends of the branches, 2 to 3 cm long, nar- 
rowly obovate-cuneate, densely and softly pubescent with short, grayish- 
