COMPOSITAE 473 
18. EPALTES Cassini 
Herbs with alternate, usually decurrent, toothed leaves. Heads small, 
_ solitary or corymbose, globose or disciform, heterogamous, the flowers 
tubular, the outer ones female, many-seriate, the corolla much shorter than 
the style, 2- or 38-toothed. Disk flowers perfect, tubular, 3- to 5-fid. Anther- 
bases sagittate. Achenes of female flowers subterete, 5- to 10-ribbed, 
the pappus none; of the perfect flowers usually abortive, pappus hairs 2 
or 3, or none. Involucre broad, the bracts many-seriate, the receptacle 
naked. 
Species about 10, in most tropical countries, 1 in the Philippines. 
1. E. australis R. Br. 
Root stout, woody, the stems rather slender, spreading, prostrate, or 
ascending, branched, 6 to 15 cm long. Leaves obovate to oblong-obovate, 
rounded, rather coarsely toothed, 1.5 to 2.5 em long, narrowed below to 
the short petiole. Heads solitary, axillary, shortly peduncled, depressed- 
globose, about 5 mm in diameter, the involucre hemispheric, green, the 
bracts several-seriate. Flowers very numerous, minute, purplish, including 
the achenes about 2 mm long. 
In old rice paddies near La Loma fl. Dec.Jan., and probably in other 
months, very rare; of very local occurrence in the Philippines. India 
to Australia. 
14. CENTIPEDA Loureiro 
Small, spreading or ascending, annual, hairy or nearly glabrous herbs. 
Leaves alternate, toothed. Heads small, sessile, axillary, globose or disci- 
form, yellow. Outer flowers female, many-seriate, the corolla small; disk- 
flowers perfect, few, the corolla campanulate, 4-fid. Involucre hemispheric, 
the bracts 2-seriate. Achenes 4-angled, hairy on the angles; pappus none. 
(Latin “hundred” and “feet” in reference to its prostrate habit.) 
Species 4, in Asia, Australia, and in South America. 
1. C. MINIMA (L.) Willd. (C. orbicularis Lour.). 
A prostrate or ascending, slender herb, the branches numerous, spread- 
ing from the root, 8 to 20 cm long, somewhat woolly or nearly glabrous, 
leafy. Leaves 1 cm long or less, oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, with few 
coarse teeth. Heads sessile, globose, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, many-flowered. 
Achenes about 1 mm long. 
In open waste places, occasional, fl. Dec—June; widely distributed in the 
Philippines, undoubtedly introduced. India, through Malaya to Australia 
and Polynesia. 
15. ERIGERON Linnaeus 
Erect, branched, often coarse herbs with alternate, toothed, usually 
sessile leaves. Heads panicled, heterogamous, rayed, the ray-flowers female 
in several rows, their ligules short or long. Disk-flowers perfect, tubular, 
6-cleft. Involucre ovoid or hemispheric, the bracts narrow, equal. Recep- 
tacle flat or convex, naked. Achenes narrow, compressed, the pappus a 
single row of slender bristles or often double, the outer series often reduced 
to a few short hairs or bristles. (Greek “spring” and “an old man” sug- 
gested by the hoariness of some vernal species.) 
Species about 100, chiefly in the north temperate zone, fewer in the 
tropics, 1 introduced in the Philippines. 
