476 A FLORA OF MANILA 
flat or nearly so, the paleae narrow. Ray-flowers female, about 2-seriate, 
fertile or sterile, white, the ligule small, narrow, entire or 2-toothed. Disk- 
flowers very numerous, perfect, fertile, tubular, the limb 4- or 5-fid. 
Achenes compressed, truncate or 2-aristate; pappus none. (Greek “to be 
deficient,” alluding to the absence of pappus.) 
Species 3 or 4, of wide tropical distribution, at least 2 in the Philippines. 
Coarse, erect, more or less densely hirsute, the leaves up to 9 cm leng, 
ot top fC) i Tet cs RSE ieee ARS. Slidell ceaian bs crbsietec ts. 1. EL. zippeliana - 
Rather slender, usually prostrate or spreading, strigillose but not hirsute, 
the leaves 1 to 5 cm long, subentire..........2.2222.222-c.e.eeceeeneceeeeee 2. E. alba 
1. E. ZIPPELIANA Bl. 
A very coarse, densely hirsute, ssstth branched herb 0.3 to 1.5 m high, 
the stems often reddish. Leaves 3 to 9 cm long, sessile, oblong-obovate 
to lanceolate, hirsute, acuminate, base narrowed, margins irregularly and 
rather coarsely spinulose-toothed. Heads ovoid, 6 to 7 mm long, 5 to 6 
mm in diameter, larger in fruit, the peduncles hirsute, 1 cm long or less, 
the bracts green, hairy, as long as or exceeding the flowers. Ligules of 
the ray-flowers about 1.5 mm long. Achenes black, 3 mm long, apex hairy. 
In open damp places, scattered, fl. all the year; of wide Philippine 
distribution, apparently not native. Java, and probbly in other parts of 
Malaya. 
2. E. ALBA (L.) Hassk. 
A decumbent, spreading, or sometimes suberect, strigillose, annual herb, 
the stems rather slender, usually reddish, up to 30 cm in length or more. 
Leaves sessile, entire or slightly toothed, linear-oblong to lanceolate, acute 
or blunt, 1 to 5 cm long. Peduncles 3 cm long or less. Heads ovoid, 5 to 6 
mm long, about 5 mm in diameter, in fruit much wider, the bracts strigillose 
but not hirsute. Achenes black, 3 mm long, apex glabrous, or slightly 
hairy. 
In open waste places, low damp lands, etc., common, fi. all the year; 
throughout the Philippines, certainly introduced. All tropical and sub- 
tropical countries. 
20. HELIANTHUS Linnaeus 
Coarse, erect, simple or branched, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves 
opposite or alternate, ample, toothed or lobed. Heads often very large, 
solitary or corymbose, long-peduncled. Ray-flowers several to many, yel- 
low. Disk-flowers perfect, very numerous, brown or yellow. Involucre- 
bracts herbaceous or foliaceous, imbricate. Receptacle flat or convex, the 
persistent chaffy scales embracing the 4-angled, compressed, smooth achenes. 
Pappus very deciduous, of 2, thin, chaffy scales on the principal angles, and 
sometimes 2 or more intermediate ones. (Greek “sun” and “flower.”) 
Species 55, in temperate and tropical America, 2 introduced and cul- 
tivated in the Philippines. 
*1. H. ANNUUS L. Girasol (Sp.); Sunflower. 
A coarse. stout, rough, erect, annual herb 1 to 3 m in height. Leaves 
ovate, serrate, acuminate, the lowest ones sometimes cordate, 10 to 25 cm 
long. Heads usually solitary, often very large, up to 20 em in diameter, 
the rays yellow, spreading. 
