A478 A FLORA OF MANILA 
row, somewhat 5-angled, beaked at the top, with 2 to 4, barbed or hispid, 
deciduous awns. (Greek “ornament.”’) 
Species 10 or more in tropical America, 2 introduced in the Philippines. 
1. C. cAuDATUS HBK. 
A coarse, erect, branched herb 0.8 to 1.5 m high, glabrous. Leaves up 
to 20 cm long, 2- or 3-pinnately dissected, the lobes narrow, oblong, mostly 
acuminate. Heads in the upper axils, long-peduncled, about 3 cm in 
diameter, the involucral-bracts green, linear, about 1.5 cm long. Ray- 
flowers pink or pale-purple, about 1.5 cm long, 3-cleft. Disk-flowers yellow. 
Achenes fusiform, about 2 cm long, including the long, slender scabrid 
beak which bears 2 slender, spreading retrorsely scabrid awns. (FI. Filip. 
p. 287.) 
In waste places, dry soil, common, fl. all the year; introduced from 
tropical America at an early date, now thoroughly naturalized and widely 
distributed in the Philippines. 
Some horticultural forms, chiefly with yellow flowers, are cultivated by 
local gardeners. 
23. BIDENS Linnaeus 
Annual, erect, branched herbs, with opposite, toothed or incised or 1- 
or 2-pinnate leaves. Heads corymbosely panicled, rayed, the rays yellow 
or nearly white, the disk-flowers perfect. Involucre green, ovoid or cylin- 
dric, the bracts about 2-seriate, their bases connate, the outer ones narrow, 
the inner broader. Anther-cells entire or subsagittate. Achenes 4-angled 
or compressed, linear, the pappus of 2 to 4, rigid, retrosely barbed bristles. 
(Latin “two” and “tooth,” from the 2-awned achenes of some species.) 
Species about 50, mostly American, about 3 in the Philippines. 
1. B. prnosa L. Beggar-ticks. 
An erect, branched, usually more or less hairy herb 0.2 to 1.5 m high, 
very variable. Leaves 15 cm long or less, the upper one usually much 
smaller, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, the segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, 
2 to 5 em long. Heads long-peduncled, about 8 mm long in flower, the 
disk-flowers brown or yellowish, the rays yellow or nearly white, the inner 
involucral-bracts with broad scarious margins. Achenes linear, black, 
1 to 1.5 em long, 4-awned at the apex. 
In waste places, Malabon, fi. Oct.-Nov., and probably in other months; 
widely distributed in the Philippines, and certainly introduced. All warm 
countries. 
24. LACTUCA Linnaeus 
Erect, simple or branched, usually glabrous herbs with milky sap.. 
Leaves radical and alternate, entire, toothed or variously pinnate or pin- 
_ natifid, often stem-clasping and auricled. Heads sessile or peduncled, 
panicled, homogamous. Flowers all ligulate, yellow. Involucre usually 
narrow, the bracts few-seriate, thin; receptacle flat, naked. Achenes com- 
pressed, ovoid-oblong to narrow, beaked, ribbed. Pappus copious, the hairs 
white, slender, usually with a ring of very short hairs at the base. 
(Ancient Latin name of the lettuce.) 
Species about 10 in the north temperate region, 3 in the Philippines, 
the following introduced and cultivated. 
*1. L. sativa L. Lechuga (Sp.-Fil.) ; Lettuce. 
An erect, usually simple, annual, glabrous herb reaching a height of 1 
m. Leaves 6 to 20 em long, obovate to oblong-obovate, entire or lobed, 
