GEOEMYDA. 1 7 



Two species in the Malay Peninsula : — 



Anterior margin of shell serrated ; second vertebral 

 shield at least as broad as the second costal, mucli 

 broader tlian long- Q. spmosa, p. 17. 



Anterior margin of shell not serrated ; second ver- 

 tebral shield narrower than the second costal, not 

 much broader than long- G. (jramlis, p. 18. 



12. Geoemyda spinosa. 



Emys spinosa, Gray, Syn. Eept. p. 20 (1831), 



Geoemyda spinosa, Gx^y , P. Z.S. 18-34, p. 100; Giinth. Eept. Brit. 

 Ind. p. 18 (18G4); Bouleng. Cat. Chelon. p. 137 (1889) : id. Faun 

 Brit. Ind., Kept. p. 25 (1890) ; S. Flower, P. Z.S. 1899, p. 014; 

 Ridley, Journ. Straits Brancli Roy. Asiat. Soc. No. 32, p. 185 

 (1899) ; Boulenger, Fascic. Malay., 'Zool. i, p. 144 (1903). 



Geoemyda spinosa, part.. Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xvi 

 p. 607 (1847). 



Carapace of adult much depressed, with broad flat vertebral 

 region and an uninterrupted obtuse keel, anterior and posterior 

 margins serrated ; of young more regularly arched, with a short 

 keel or spinose tubercle on each costal shield, and the border 

 strongly serrated all round, each marginal shield being produced 

 into a spine, with or without smaller denticulations on each side, 

 the vertebral keel stronger than in the adult. Vertebral shields 

 (2 to 4) much broader than long, at least as broad as the costals ; 

 nuchal shield longer than broad. Plastron large ; the width of 

 the bridge about equals the length of the posterior lobe, which is 

 angularly emarginate ; suture between the abdominal shields not 

 or but sliglitly longer than that between the pectorals ; axillary 

 and inguinal shields present. Upper jaw bicuspid. Carapace 

 brown above, reddish in the young, the vertebral keel lighter • 

 each plastral shield with yellow and dark brown radiating streaks • 

 soft parts dark brown, with a yellowish spot on each side of the 

 neck, near the ear ; head and limbs with small scarlet spots in 

 living specimens. 



Length of shell 200 millim. 



Tenassernn, Sumatrn, Borneo, and Malay Peninsula, where it 

 is of very general distribution, tliougli, according to Plower, this 

 tortoise is found in jungle-streams apparently only in the hills, 

 in Penaug and Perak at elevations of two or three thousand feet 

 above the sea, while in Singapore it is found on Buldt Timah at 

 less than 500 feet. Lives day and night in the water and feeds 

 on fruit and vegetables, 



13, Geoemyda grandis. 



Gray, Ann. & Mag-. Nat. Hist, (3) vi, p. 218 (I860); Giinth. Rept. 

 Brit. Ind. p. 19, pis. i & ii, figs. A & B (1864) ; Bouleng. Cat. 

 Chelon. p. 138 (1889) ; id. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rept. p. 25 a890) ; 

 S. Flower, P. Z. S, 1899, p. 615, 



Carapace arched or tectiform, not flattened on the A^ertebral 







