278 PELOBATID.i:. 



usually feebly distinct, rarely hidden, its diameter 2 to | that of 

 eye. Fingers obtuse or feebly swollen at the end, tirst as long 

 as or a little longer than second ; no subarticular tubercles ; no 

 distinct metacarpal tubercles. Toes rather short, obtuse or 

 feebly swollen at the end, with a mere rudiment of web, or, 

 at most, ^ webbed ; no subarticular tubercles ; a flat, very indis- 

 tinct inner metatarsal tubercle. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching 

 the shoulder, the commissure of the jaws, or the temple ; tibia § 

 to I length from snout to vent ; root as long as or shorter than 

 tibia. Skin of upper parts smooth, or with scattered conical 

 warts, old specimens with bony deposits on the head and anterior 

 part of the back ; a strong glandular fold from eye to shoulder, 

 usually another on each side of the back; upper eyelid with a 

 sharp, raised edge, which is produced into a more or less distinct 

 point or 'horn ' (very indistinct in var. acems), not measuring more 

 than I diameter of eye ; limbs usually with oblique transverse 

 glandular ridges ; belly with small tubercles. Olive-brown above, 

 uniform or variously marked with darker or lighter ; a more or 

 less distinct large triangular dark spot between tlie eyes, the base 

 forwards, and a dark oblique bar below the eye ; limbs with more 

 or less distinct dark cross-bars ; lower parts pale brown, spotted 

 or marbled with darker ; a white tubercle on each side of the 

 breast. Male without vocal sac. 



Total length 88 millim. 



Malay Peninstda and Archipelago. Rare in the Peninsula, but 

 recorded from Perak, Bukit Besar, and Gunong Inas. 



This is a sluggish and thoroughly nocturnal Batrachian. 

 Nothing has been observed concerning its breeding habits, but 

 I find the eggs to be large, those in the oviduct of a specimen 

 83 millim. long measuring 3 millim. in diameter. The larvae were 

 first described by Max Weber (Ann. Jard. Botan. Buitenzorg, 

 1898, Suppl. ii, p. 5) from Java, and Laidlaw and Annandale have 

 made observations on specimens from the Malay Peninsula. 

 These extraordinary tadpoles are found in mountain-streams with 

 gravelly beds, and are remarkable for the funnel-like tloat formed 

 by the lips, which are beset with minute horny teeth ; these are 

 not connected in any way with definite ridges or lamellae, but 

 radiate along the anterior surface of the funnel. According to 

 Annandale, the funnel-shaped lip is capable of assuming two very 

 distinct forms, according to the position of the tadpole : — (1) When 

 the animal is hanging from the surface-film, as it frequently does, 

 this structure becomes a translucent rhomboidal or lozenge-shaped 

 float, depressed in the centre towards the mouth, but otherwise 

 nearly flat ; (2) when, on the other hand, the animal is resting on 

 the bottom, the float takes on the appearance of a pair of slender 

 processes, continued upwards on the sides, like a pair of horns. 

 The spiraculum is sinistral. The tail is more than twice as long as 

 the body, the total length of the largest tadpole being about 

 40 millim. The coloration is of a very dark brown, even on the 

 belly. 



