1914] A Study of Dryophanta Erinacei. 5 
Shoots were brought into the laboratory, placed in water 
and covered with bell jars. Here about noon on the twenty- 
first of May the first male and female emerged. They were 
quite vigorous, and about four-thirty in the afternoon the 
female was noticed actively moving along the midrib of the 
young leaf. Suddenly she stopped, and set up a rapid nodding 
motion which lasted thirty-five seconds, during which the 
ovipositor was thrust into the tissue. The insect remained 
motionless for a time, then withdrew the ovipositor, filling 
the passage with a yellow substance which, as in the agamic 
form, is probably a secretion poured forth by the accessory 
glands of the reproductive system. The process was repeated 
four times in succession without moving the body forward. 
Each time the ovipositor was inserted the body was curved 
slightly more than at the preceding puncture. The entire 
time occupied by the four ovipositions was from four-thirty- 
four to four-fifty, or sixteen minutes, thus allowing four minutes 
to each oviposition of which a little over two minutes and a 
half was occupied by the passage of the egg. Many other 
observations were made, and the time in all instances cor- 
responded to the first recorded. 
While the first observations of oviposition were made 
without having seen copulation occur, in all the following 
instances it was observed. The male strikes the female several 
times with the antennae, after which the latter rests quiet. 
The male then clasps her thorax latero-caudad of the second 
pair of wings with the second pair of legs, while the first pair 
rest on the dorso cephalic portion of the thorax, and the third 
pair extend slightly latero-cephalad of the abdomen; copulation 
takes place, lasting for a few minutes. 
The egg of the sexual form, (Fig. 25, Pl. III), is oval, 
1604 x 450u. provided with a pedicel 750u. in length, which is 
shorter than in the agamic form. It is always placed in the 
fibro-vascular bundles, and at an angle of about 80° to the 
axis of the leaf. The egg differs from that of the agamic form 
only in the elongate portion being shorter. 
The larva is characteristic of the Cynipidae, having a 
slightly depressed head, fine needle-like mandibles, broad 
thorax, and reflexed pointed abdomen. During development 
the abdomen does not become as enlarged as in the agamic 
form. The thorax also continues prominent throughout all 
