1914] Life History of Lady Beetles. 229 
dusky or pale, a pair of pale spots on anterior lateral margin and three 
on posterior margin of pronotum; also a pale median line, and pale 
median portion of meso- and meta-thorax quite noticeable; spots on 
abdomen more noticeable than in previous instars. Legs black. Length 
of full grown larva 8-9 mm. 
Pupa:' Fig. H, Plate XIX™*. 
Ground color pale to sordid flesh color, tinged in places with brown- 
ish. Pronotum with pale median line and broad lateral portion pale, 
remainder dusky to black. Wing pads brownish to black, meso- and 
meta-thorax dusky to black except median pale line; each abdominal 
segment with three pairs of rows of dusky to black spots, median row 
lighter on Ist and 2nd segments, giving a lighter appearance to that 
part of the pupa. In dark specimens the markings are so extensive as 
to almost coalesce, giving quite a melanic appearance. Legs brownish 
to blackish. Length 4-5 mm. 
Life cycle records were taken as follows: 
Egg stage (84 records) 3-7 days in the spring, 2-6 in summer, mostly 3-5. 
Larval stage (68 records) 11-18 days in the spring, 7-18 summer, mostly 15 
spring and 11 summer. 
Pupa stage (68 records) 5-9 days in the spring, 3-9 summer, mostly seven. 
Egg to adult, mostly 21 to 23 days. 
Adult (9 records) 1 month to 4 months, for the summer generations. 
The records taken in the spring, April and May, it will be 
noted, covered more days than those taken in the summer, 
owing to the cooler temperature. Five beetles of first to 
third generation that had laid a considerable number of eggs 
and were from three to four months old, went into hibernation. 
One of these lived until April 4th the next spring, aged 8 months 
and 6 days. The rest died during the winter, though the hiber- 
nating quarters were excellent. As there is a probability that 
the first female captured, May 13, 1910, and with which the 
start was made in the breeding cage, was not a hibernating 
female, there is some uncertainty as to the number of each 
generation. The beetles which survived hibernation were 
the 4th or 5th generation and they survived in large numbers, 
about 150 beetles in all. 
A pair of beetles, the female of which was 3rd or 4th genera- 
tion humeralis that had laid no eggs, and the male 2nd or 3rd 
generation annectans, hibernated successfully, and in the spring 
the female laid eggs abundantly until June 12, 1911, and they 
both lived until June 16, 1911, the female aged nine months 
and the male nine months and four days. Almost all of the 
hibernating beetles which were cared for were still living May 
