1914] Life History of Lady Beetles. 250 
later in the season hibernated. There did not seem to be any 
certain fixed generation to hibernate in any of the species but 
there was no evidence of any females that had laid eggs before 
winter hibernating and laying again the next spring, and none 
ever hibernated in other than the adult state. 
Of all the species studied, C. monticola was the only one 
where there was any difficulty in breeding males in captivity; 
in all other species about half of the beetles reared were males, 
but here there was no evidence of any, and only females cap- 
tured already fertilized, laid eggs which would hatch. Many 
of these captured laid infertile eggs or none at all, and none reared 
in captivity ever laid a fertile egg and most did not lay at all. 
For three years, no undoubted instance of, the finding of a male 
occurred either biologically by myself, or by Mr. Bragg, who 
used dissection on captured specimens and had no difficulty 
_ finding males in any of the other species. Finally, however, 
two batches of eggs were reared with special care, one lot 
producing sixteen beetles from eighteen larvae hatched, and 
the second producing twelve beetles from twenty-three larvae 
hatched. The first lot proved, on dissection, to consist of seven 
males and nine females. The second lot consisted of nine 
males and three females. Why none have been observed 
mated, either in captivity or out of doors, and why Mr. Bragg 
found so much difficulty in capturing males, still remains 
unknown. 
The egg laying periods seemed to be approximately the 
same for all these species where records were taken, both for 
the length of time for the individual, and for the laying season. 
A female would often lay before being fertilized but not as well 
as after. A female of Adalia would not seem to be able to lay 
fertile eggs for more than about three weeks after being isolated 
from a male. In C. monticola, on the other hand, if a female 
was once fertilized, it sufficed for the season. In Adalia, when a 
female was changed from one male to another, the later male 
would take precedence over the former one, almost immedi- 
ately, so that the eggs laid two or three days after and later would 
develop the characters of the later male in every case. 
In the individual egg records, C. 9-notata ranked first, the 
four highest records being from 435 to 1047; C. 5-notata next, 
with 368 to 539; then H. convergens with 199 to 312, these 
numbers representing the four highest records of each species 
