1914] Life History of Lady Beetles. Dad, 
There was no evidence of any of these species feeding on 
vegetable matter, though they often chew and suck about on the 
leaves when very hungry and one newly emerged Adalia 
beetle seems to have chewed up a portion of a half dried boxelder 
leaf. 
The Adalia beetles had to be fed on only the smaller species 
of plant lice in the breeding cages, though out of doors they were 
found by Mr. Bragg to be quite abundant with P. fraxinifolit. 
Early in the spring, 1910 and 1911,'they were very abundant 
with C. negundinis and together with the Syrphus larve they 
cleaned these lice off the boxelder trees, though they had been 
very badly infested. The species used successfully in the lab- 
oratory were C. negundinis, M. sanborni, Myzus persice, A. 
setari@, A. helianthi, R. pastinace, and Macrosiphum cynosbati. 
The injurious influences affecting ‘these species were cool 
damp weather, which C. monticola seemed to stand better than 
the other species, very large lice that would extrude large 
quantities of glue from their cornicles, a fungous disease re- 
sulting from too much dampness in the cage or perhaps from the 
decaying bodies of half eaten lice, and frequently beetles were 
destroyed by a hymenopterous parasite known as Perilitus 
americanus. Ants, also, seemed to be hostile, in one instance 
killing a larva and in another, an adult, this even in the breeding 
cage where the ants felt strange and were frightened. Much 
loss was occasioned by cannibalism, eggs, larve, pup, and 
even newly emerged adult beetles, while still soft, being eaten 
by hungry brothers either larve or adults. 
As to members in nature, the different species seem to rank 
differently in different years. From casual local observations, 
in 1907 and 1908, H. convergens ranked first, C. 5-notata second, 
C. monticola third, C. 9-notata fourth, and O. abdominalis and 
Adalia quite rare. In 1909, C. monticola was first, Adalia 
annectans second, H. convergens, C. 5-notata, and C. 9-notata 
not very abundant, and O. abdominalis only occasional. 
