350 Annals Entomological Society of America _[Vol. VII, 
3. That the loss of water which is general in hibernation 
probably results in a discharge of insoluble alveolar 
cytoplasmic structures which have accumulated and 
produced this premature senility with an accompany- 
ing lowering of the rate of the metabolic processes. 
4. That starvation during hibernation together with this 
loss of water may result in rejuvenation, when aided 
by histolysis, and in increased permeability. 
5. That this rejuvenated condition and increased per- 
meability will, if stimulated to activity by heat, 
permit pupation in Codling moth larve, which in this 
case is the termination of the hibernating condition. 
If we remember that the temperature at which colloidal 
substances coagulate lowers with decrease in water content and 
that long exposure to cold may result in this decrease in water 
as well as exposure to high temperature and also the following 
observations of Bachmetjew, we can explain that the result 
of a long exposure to cold is the same as the result of a short 
exposure to heat and that the intensity of the cold, shortens 
the length of the period (Henneguy) : 
(a). The relation of the point of coagulation varies with the 
water content and the point of protoplasmic rigor is also low- 
ered by hunger. 
(b). Hunger lowers the critical point in direct proportion 
to the number of days of its duration. 
(c). The intensity of cold shortens the time necessary for 
cold rigor. 
The use of the hypotheses just outlined makes possible an 
explanation of the results of this experiment. If hibernating 
insects are placed at a high temperature directly, before being 
exposed to a low temperature, the characteristics of starvation 
rather than those of hibernation will set in—in other words, the 
nuclear material will decrease in greater proportion than the 
cytoplasmic material. On the other hand, if the insect is 
placed at a low temperature the characteristic enlargement in 
the nucleus at the expense of the cytoplasm and due to the 
low temperature, according to Boring (7), will take place. 
With the lowering in the rate of metabolism, due to low 
temperature, the inactive conditions of the cells and their 
