Xll INTRODUCTIOlSr. 



the corneous plate formed by the coalescence of the posterior lateral 

 elements (epimera) is very narrow ; and in other cases (Barh, »&c. )the 

 posterior part of the prosteruum is thickened and overlies the suture on the 

 median line, but without coming into contact with the mesosternum. 



4th. The ventral segments never exceed five in number, and the first 

 and second are usually larger and more closely connected, frequently even 

 connate, with partially obliterated suture ; the fifth is sometimes longer 

 than the fourth, sometimes about equal to it. 



5th. When there is any appreciable difference between the sexes, it is 

 usually manifested by a greater elongation of the beak of the $ 9 > indi- 

 cating its use as an accessory organ of generation, for making the perfora- 

 tion in Avhich the egg is subsequently placed by the soft ovipositor, and 

 pushed down by the beak. 



Gth. The other sexual difference is in the addition of a small dorsal (or 

 anal) segment to the (^(^; this character is, however, not obvious in 

 several families, the morphological representative of this anal segment 

 being completely retracted and covered by the pygidium. In others this 

 segment is visible only from beneath, simulating, therefore, a sixth ven- 

 tral. 



Ttli. The very rare occurrence of articulated movable spurs at the end 

 of the tibite; it is seldom, indeed, that more than one fixed mucro occurs, 

 and in the species in which the tarsi are inserted laterally near the tip, this 

 mucro becomes frequently elongated and curved ; the outer angle of the 

 tip is in these instances quite often prolonged into a curved digitation, like 

 the terminal tooth of the front tibite of some Scaritini, of the family 

 Carabidm. 



8th. The head is most frequently prolonged in front of the eyes, forming 

 a beak, which is usually narrower than the front, and frequently very 

 slender. A flattened prolongation, similar to a beak, occurs in some genera 

 of CuGujidcB, PythklcB and (Edemeridm, but not elsewhere in the normal 

 Coleoptera. 



9th. In the vast majority of species the labrum is wanting; in some 

 Scolytidm it is feebly developed, but is present in normal form only in 

 Bhinomaceridm and Antliribldo}. 



10th. Except in Bhinomaceridce and Antlirihidce the palpi arc short and 

 rigid, with the joints diminishing in size; in those families they are slender 

 and flexible, as in normal Coleoptera. 



llth. In those genera in which the hind tibise are truncate and margined 

 at tip, forming a surface called a corbel, this surface may be glabrous or 

 scaly. In normal Coleoptera they are always glabrous, and in ITypocepli- 

 alihs alone they are densely clothed with hair.* 



12th. A peculiar ridge on the inner surface of the elytra, into which the 

 ascending margin of the metathoracic epimera and ventral segments fit, 

 giving great firmness and solidity to tlic hinder part of the body. This 



* LeConte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. v, 209. 



