72 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



[November 1, 1914. 



and the other carries a ball thrust washer, so that no torsional 

 stress of the bag as a whole can occur. The conclusions of the 

 series of tests may be briefly stated. 



1. For any single or double parallel woven fabric under com- 

 pound stress the stresses in the fabric parallel to the warp and 

 weft are independent. 



2. A method is developed of computing the ultimate strength 

 of a double diagonal cotton fabric under compound stress from 

 simple tensile tests. 



3. For a fabric under compound stress each of the two strains 

 is a function of both stresses. 



The Germans have with characteristic thoroughness worked 

 out in detail the action of fabrics under compound stress. Pre- 

 liminary to the design of the Siemens-Schuckert dirigible, a 

 large number of such tests were made using apparatus essentially 

 similar to that above described. These are well described in 

 Hass & Diet/ius Stoffdehnung und Forrnanderung der Hiille von 

 Prall Luftschiffen (J. Springer, Berlin). 



Besides tensile and diffusion tests (the latter with Prof. Heyn's 

 apparatus), bursting tests of considerable interest have been 

 made at the Imperial Testing Laboratory (near Berlin). The 

 apparatus is so arranged that any desired air pressure can be im 

 pressed against the under side of a circular test piece and a 

 graph of rise of the center of the fabric surface and pressure 

 obtained. A series of tests to determine the effect on apparent 

 bursting strength of varying sample diameter and the relation 

 between strength determined from the bursting test and tensile 

 tests showed about 10 per cent, decrease in strength in sample 

 diameter increase from 11.3 to 50.5 cm. and tensile test strength 

 about 66 per cent, that of the bursting test. It must be noted 

 that the fabric used was two-ply diagonally doubled fabric. On 

 parallel fabric the tensile test strength would probably be higher 

 than the bursting strength. 



Another series of tests made at the National Physical Labora- 

 tory furnished valuable data mi the effect of weathering on the 

 permeability and tensile strength of several varieties of balloon 

 fabric. Samples for both these properties were tested after 24, 

 48. 72, 96, 120 and 144 days' exposure. The most important 

 conclusions are : ( 1 ) Fabrics deteriorate more when exposed 

 to moisture and light than to light alone; (2) the coloring yellow 

 of the outer cotton layer is clearly beneficial; (3) just before the 

 fabric finally disintegrates its permeability is temporarily greatly 

 unproved (this indicate-, that a marked improvement in the gas 

 tightness of an old balloon should be viewed with suspicion); 

 (4) in most cases the decrease in tensile strength after 100 

 days' exposure is 30 per cent, or over. Tests in the Goodyear 

 Tire & Rubber Co. laboratory tend to confirm the first, second 

 and fourth of these conclusions. 



Tests from the same source (N. P. L.) of fabrics after sub- 

 jection to temperatures of — 15 deg. C. and — 25 deg. C. showed 

 practically no effect of the former and a considerable increase 

 in leakage due to the latter temperature. Tests for increase of 

 weight due i.i water adherence showed about 10 per cent, for 

 fabrics rubber-o and on the outside and 20 per cent, for fabrics 

 having cloth on the outer surface. 



A series "t a-h to determine the transmission of heat through 

 various types of balloon fabric was made in the Goodyear 

 laboratories. It was found that the color of the inside of the 

 fabric had comparatively -mall influence on the radiation. The 

 influence of "silvering" I i de was also small. The fabric 



with yellow exterior and dark brown interiot coating seems on 

 the uhole most satisfactory. In this manner is made the stand- 

 ard Goodyear balloon fabric. 



MANY NEW MEMBERS FOR THE RUBBER CLUB. 



MONOGRAMMED TIRES. 



Automobile tires are now being made with the owner's rnono- 

 gram or initials molded into the casings, one company advertis 

 ing that its New York branch will accept orders for tires made 

 in this vvav. 



AT the meeting of the Executive Committee of the Rubber 

 Club of America, held at the Union League Club, New 

 York, October 13, the following members were elected: 



1 I KM MEMBERS. FIRM REPRESENTATIVE. 



American Hard Rubber Co James F. Giles. 



11 Mercer street, New York. 

 11. A. Astlett & Co E. R. Hawkins. 



117 Pearl street, New York. 

 A. W. Brunn \. W. Brunn. 



Produce Exchange Annex, (Changed from active mem- 

 New York. bership.) 

 Endurance Tire & Rubber Co.. Wilson G. H. Randolph. 



1789 Broadway, New York. 

 Earle Brothers R. W. Earle. 



66 Broad street, New York. 

 W. R. Grace & Co W. E. Byles. 



1 and 2 Hanover Square. New (Changed from active mem- 

 York, bership.) 

 Kellv-Springfield Tire Co Van H. Cartmell. 



227 West 57 street. New York. 

 L. Littlejohn & Co Win. E. Bruyn. 



129 Front street. Xew York. 

 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co . . . P. W. Litchfield. 



Akron, I >hi< i. 

 Johnstone, Whitworth & Co... J. T. Johnstone. 



140 Pearl street, New York. (Changed from active mem- 

 bership.) 

 Obalski & Sweeney Edward C. Sweeney, Jr. 



24 Stone street, New York. (Changed from active mem- 

 bership.) 

 Reading Rubber Mfg. Co William H. Marland. 



Reading, Massachusetts. ( Changed from active mem- 



bership.) 

 Republic Rubber Co Thomas L. Robinson. 



Youngstown, Ohio. i (.hanged from active mem- 



bership.) 

 William H. Stiles William H. Stiles. 



97 Water street, New York. 



ACTIVE MEMBERS. 

 Lloyd E. Appleton, F. H. Appleton & Co., 5 East 42nd 

 street, New York. 



Edward H. Huxley, L'nited States Rubber Co., 1790 Broad- 

 way, New York. 



ASSOCIATE MEMBER. 



John W. Coulston, J. W. Coulston & Co.. 80 Maiden Lane, 

 New York. 



The resignation of one associate member was accepted. 



The summary of membership is now as follows: 



Honorary 3 



Firm 83 



Active 204 



Associate 58 



Total 348 



RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE 



RUBBER CLUB OF AMERICA AT ITS MEETING HELD AT THE 



UNION LEAGUE CLUB, OCTOBER 13, 1914. 



Whereas, the Executive Committee of the Rubber Club of 

 America recognizes the importance of the Census of Manu- 

 factures whicli the Federal Bureau of the Census is required 

 to take every five years, and as this census will be taken next 

 year covering figures for the year 1914. it is hereby 



Voted that the Executive Committee of the Rubber Club 

 of America would recommend to all rubber manufacturers 

 in the United States that they give their hearty co-operation 

 to the Director of the Census in order that the statistics from 

 the rubber industry may be accurate and complete. 



PROTEST AGAINST MAKING RUBBER CONTRABAND. 



The Rubber Chili of America and the Rubber Trade Associa- 

 tion of Xew York, recently organized by the rubber importers, 

 are both considering entering a protest with the State Depart- 

 ment at Washington against England's action in placing crude 

 rubber on the list of absolute contraband. 



The India Rubber World has also been appealed to by a num- 

 ber of individuals and corporations connected with the rubber 

 industry to lodge a similar protest with the State Department. 



