April 1. 1915.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 





VV. Schmidt (Journal ol th< Soeietj oi Chemical Industry, 

 1914, p. 614) brominated with potassium bromate and bromide 

 in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution as per Vaubel's method 

 and found i " tead oi six atoms of bromine absorbed in the 

 caoutchouc molecule. He used penta-chlor-ethane as solvent. 

 K. IV ( Gummi-Zeitung, 1912, pp 968 and 468, and 1914. vol 

 28, p 631) states that the determination of bromine in ca 

 chouc-tetrabromidc gives wrong results He used the methods 

 oi Baubingy and Chavanne (Journal of the Societ o) ' hemical 

 Industry, 1913, pp. 761 and 1018, and 1914, p. 136) and suggests 

 further work on the Heubener method using this bromine mi I 

 as previous criticism was based <m the fusion method for 

 bromine i Kolloid Zeitschrift, 1913, vol. 12, p. 54). 



1.. G. Wesson (Journal of Induvtn.il and Engineering Chemis- 

 1914, p 4S9, and I'm India Rubber World, September, 1914, 

 p. 649) has published methods of determining rubber having 

 approval of the United States Bureau of Standard- R Becker 

 i Kolloid Zeitschrift, vol. 12, 1912, p. 54. and Gummi 

 vol. 26, p. 1503) works with the Heubener and Budde methods 

 and cautions against under-bromination 



RUBBERS OTHER THAN PARA. 



The rapid!) falling prices of plantation rubber have served to 

 lessen the interest in all other than Para rubber of either the 

 wild Brazilian or the cultivated plantation variety. 



Guayule: Owing to the disturbed conditions in Mexico this 

 is not at present an important article of commerce F. E. 

 Lloyd (Journal oi the Societ} of Chemical Industry. Feb- 

 bruary, 1914. p. 107) has shown that this is primarily a desert 

 plant and when it is planted in a rainy district or when water 

 i- supplied to it by irrigation it grows rapidly, but the rubber 

 o ntent may decrease a> much as o2 per cent. The resins d 

 not seem to be affected by the rainfall. 



Kickxia Elastica: D. Spence and W. F, Russell (Chemical 

 Vbstracts, 1 ( '14, p 4085) show that this is fairlj good rubber if 

 properly worked. Frank and Marckwald had previously con- 

 demned it (Gummi-Zeitung, vol. 27, p 2087) and the} deny that 

 the} bad improperly treated it. 



Funtumia: Buel ( Le Caoutchouc la Gutta Percha, 1913. 

 vol. 10, p 6884) gives results of tests of this rubber n- well as 

 "I herb and weak Para. These results do not seem important 

 or conclusive. 



Manihot: Fenkender (The India Rubber World, April, 1914 i 

 has written on this rubber. 



Apocynaceae and Euphorbia: A French patent issued to C. E. 

 \nipietil claims coagulation of these Iatices with benzol and ai etii 

 acid. 



Asclepias rubber: The India Rubber World. 1914, p. 645. has 

 discussed this. 



Tinias: A rubber fruit. This has been described by A. Du- 

 bosc (Chemical Abstracts. 1914, p. 425 i 



1 eara and Rambong: Beadle and Stevens (Chemical Ab- 

 stracts. 1913, p. 1622) have described these. 



\s above remarked, these rubbers are of scarcely any present 

 interest 



NORTHERN RUBBER-BEARING PLANTS 



In recent years a number of northern plants ,,f the milk weed 

 family and other latex-bearing varieties have been investigated 

 by various American chemists. Charles Fox at the Eighth In- 

 ternational Congress of Chemistry (see Proceedings, vol. 25, p. 

 593) described Osage orange latex, which did not seem to pi 

 duce rubber. The same author (Obi,. Naturalist, vol. 11, p 

 271 ) described the rubber obtained from milk weed : and A. i 

 Meisch, in an address before the Chemists' Club in Xew York- 

 City (Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1913. p, 72) 

 also described this rubber. Charles Fox also described lettuce 

 rubber from the Dichotoma (Journal of Industrial & Engineering 

 Chemistry, vol. 5, p. 477). 



NEW RUBBER PRODUCTS. 



Rubber Foam : This subject seems to have attracted some at- 



:ently. United States patent V 



nufacturing rubber troth, claims vulcanizing 

 parti} under high pressure, then releasing so that thi 

 it into froth; then it is further vulcanizi 

 No. 1,089,482 i I Seaman claims the manufacture 



fi ant ilphide and Ci 



the latter evidentl} vul- 



ition. United States patent No. 1,115,031 has been -ranted 

 Graj Staunton, of Muskegon, Michigan, claiming the ]> r 

 tion of rubber spi in I The In 



1914, p. 131, and January, 1915, p. 197 mine 



American. September, 1914, and January, 1915.) This mi 



epend rubber with hydri Ivent and 



submitting it to a va puff the rubber up, after which a 



i:^\'\ .'lire is gi 



\, I lulu I-.- (Li i :■■' lutchouc la ( lutta Pi 

 7639) has described mossy rubber. 



Balloon Fabrics, K. Member and V Schob (Materialspru- 

 fung, 1912. No. 4, p 202 ribe bursting tests on this material, 



and the "London limes" Engineering Supplement had a review of 

 this subject recentl} (Journal of the S I Chemical In- 



. vol. 32, p. 2S2i Dr. Hi ubener - i In mil al Vbstri I -. 1913 

 P 2693) has described the manufacture. The system of testing 



»ed :n tii idyear Tire & Rubber Co.'s works has been fully 



described by R. A. D. Preston (The India R'-ubf.r W 

 Novi mbi r, 1914, p 69 



PHYSH \! Its [TOG ' IF RUBBER. 



Probably no industr} is so dependent on physical tests in 

 nection with the chemical tests of its product as thi rubber in- 

 dustry. The testing oi balloon fabrics has been before rei 

 to (The India Rubber World. November 1914 p. 6911. Memler 

 and A. Schob ( Materialsprufung, 1912, vol. 4, p, 202- describe 

 bursting test- on balloon fabric at Gross Lichterfeld. The Bu- 

 reau of Standards has in Circular No. 38 described som< 

 for rubber (The India Rubber World, December. 1914. p. 126.) 



The Societi D'Encouragement pour l'lndustrie Nationale, of 

 Paris, ha- awarded a medal to Chc-nevcau and Heitn I The 

 India Rubber World, November, 1914, p. 10* i for a recording 

 dynamometer by which stretch and hysteresis may be determined. 



F.arl L. Davis, of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.'s lab 

 tories, has recentl} discussed (Journal of Industrial & Engi- 

 neering Chemistry, December. 1914, p. 983. and Journal of the 

 Society of Chemical Industry, 1914. p. 992) the mathematical 

 formulas which Cheneveau and Ileim developed (Bulletin de 

 La Societe D'Encouragement pour l'lndustrie Nationale. Paris. 

 i ! 120. July. 1913. p, 2(1 1 Davis used, however, the Schwartz 

 Rubber Testing Machine. His experiment- show that the actual 

 measurements of the curves compare very closely with the com- 

 putations, and he urges that these values b< standardized in 

 specifications for various stocks. 



Bethune (The India Rubber World, 1914. p 384) has dis- 

 cussed the standardization of rubber. Spence and Young 

 ((.hemical Vbstracts, 1913, p. 1107) have devised an apparatus 

 for hot vulcanization by which uniform conditions may be se- 

 cured for each test sample vulcanized. P. L. Wormeley (The 

 India Rubrer World. 1913. p. 412) has discussed tension tests. 

 FACTICE. 

 I litmar I Thi India Rubber World, June. 1914. p. 481) records 

 numerous experiments and tests on this material, and Vaubel 

 (Gummi-Zeitung, vol. 27. p. 1254 1 ana' 

 inposition. 



( To be continued.} 



insulating properties of solid dielectrics. 

 Tn the January issue of this publication, on the page devoted 

 to rubber chemistry, there was a partial reproduction of a table 

 showing volume resistivity of solid dielectrics which appeared 

 in a paper. "Insulating Properties of Solid Dielectrics." by 

 Harvev L. Curtis. Vssociate Physicist of thi -rand- 



