124 TRKSIDEXTIAI. .\ni)Kl-:.SS — Si:C'lJ()N ]). 



This education u( head and hand and character, cairying 

 with it a new outlook on hfe and sweeping- away the old con- 

 trols and restraints is being carried from the centres of industry 

 to the remotest kraals in South Africa. 



The old controls and restraints mentioned had Ijeen evolved 

 by the people themselves, and were understood and obeyed by 

 them. The edtication they are now receiving, using the term 

 in its Ijroadest sense, does not necessarily carry with it any guide 

 {() conduct nor impose any restraints on misconduct. The only 

 influences which can be said to take the place of the old controls 

 are the teaching and examples of tlie missionaries, and these do 

 not affect a large proportion of those who are to-day feeling the 

 stir of the new conditions. Of great value this missionary teach- 

 ing undoubtedly is to many, as inculcating a high standard of 

 morals, and providing a guide to life. In old tmies when the 

 converts remained in then" homes close to the mission station 

 many examples could be shown of men and women who consis- 

 tently followed the teaching they had accepted. 'I o-day while 

 still young, the mission native leaves his home and all these 

 salutary influences, and goes into the midst of temptation, and it 

 is little wonder that he so often falls a victim and becomes a bye- 

 word and. a scoffing. 



With education comes unrest, the old life no longer satisfies, 

 a discontent, divine or otherwise, takes the place of the old 

 satisfaction witli things as they are. llien when knowledge 

 increases and capacity grows there comes a hunger to satisfy 

 this by adequate effort and to take a higher position and play a 

 more important ])art in the world and rea]) its higher rewards. 

 When a whole race i> l)eing roused to ^ticli ambitions and yet 

 denied a i)roper held in which to find scope for increasing know- 

 lodge and capacil}-, the ])()sition is a dangerous one for the State. 



I cannot call to mind any ])eoplc having had to face such a 

 tremendous change of lil\' an.l outlook in such a short i)eriod. 

 The great gold disco\er\ of tlie Witwatersrand has also had its 

 effects on the white nian. W ealili among the white i^opulation 

 of South .Africa has increased enormously din-ing the last .30 

 years. The gold ])ro(luction has revolutionised the manner of 

 life for thousands, and. the standard of living has risen greatly 

 all o\'er the couiitry dm-ing that time. It has come gradually, 

 and we have become accust(^med to the change, but let anyone 

 who knew the life of town and countr}' in the early eighties 

 conii)are the mode <«f living of peo])lc then and now. and he 

 must be struck with the difference. Rvery large town in South 

 Africa shows in dwellings, fond, clothing, entertainments, luxu- 

 ries and i)leasures of all kinds a far greater expenditure than 

 was cm-rent before the gold i)eri()d. I have been travelling over 

 a large part of the L'nion during the past eigiiteen months, and 

 have been struck by the evidence of wealth everywhere, even 

 in many country districts ordinarily considered backwards. The 

 Soutli .Vfrican citizen, whether artisan, commercial, or ])rofes- 



