544 THE MEDICINAL SPRINGS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 



Carbon dioxide 3.43 per cent. 



Oxygen . 11.54 per cent. 



Nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, 



and neon . 85.03 per cent. 



Amount of hydrogen, hehum and neon 741 ))arts per 

 1.000,000. Analysis is taken from paper by J. G. Rose.* 



Table of Ion Equivalents (Prof. Hahn's analysis). 

 Cations. Anions. 



Na 0.519 CI 0.568 



K 0.052 



Ca 0.075 Br 0.004 



Mg 0.097 



Fe 0.025 SO 0.071 



Al 0.007 HCO., 0.127 



Total 0.775 Total 0.770 



36. Too-i'rrivatcr Poort. 



The springs at Tooverwater Poort rise from folded and 

 broken Table Mountain sandstone. The one which is used bal- 

 neologically has a temperature of 120° F. The five analyses given 

 in the tables are from various springs, and it is not clear which 

 of them refer to the medicinal spring. However, they diifer only 

 slightly in composition. There is no adequate provision *for 

 bathing. Patients bathe in the pool above the spring. There is 

 accommodation at the adjoining farmhouse, but the majority of 

 the patients cam]) in tents and wagons. 



;^/. Balmoral. 



The water isssues apparently from Table Mountain sand- 

 stone, but the surface is obscured by superficial deposits of black 

 and brown oxides and hydrates of iron, which have been traced 

 to a depth of over 40 feet. There are several s])rings, all of 

 which are api>reciably warm, l)Ut no reliable record of the tem- 

 perature exists. The reaction of the water is acid. The water 

 contains no combined carbon dioxide; its iron (which is deposited 

 as a brown flocculent precipitate on standing, and which lines 

 the irrigation furrows) is present as sulphate. Hence the bit- 

 ter and astringent taste. All the other South African chaly- 

 beate .springs contain the iron as bicarbonate. In places the 

 ferriginous de{>osit forms circular rings which have the ai)pear- 

 ance of volcanic vents. 'J'here were formerly bathing facilities, 

 and the water is said to have afforded relief in cases of rheuma- 

 tism, but for several years the water has ifallen into disuse as a 

 medicinal spring. The water is .suitable for irrigation. 



* Rept. S.A. Assoc, for Adv. of Sc. (1910), 202. 



