vi CONCLUDING PREFACE, 
generic connection with Africa, the great mass of purely Australian 
species and endemic genera, must have originated or been dif- 
ferentiated in Australia, and never have spread far out of it. The 
only exceptions observed are a few Australian types (e.g, Euca- 
lypti, Epacridee, Phyllodineous Acacias, etc.) appearing in the Malayan 
Archipelago, especially Timor, New Guinea and Borneo, where they have 
established distinct though generally nearly representative species, 
sometimes however preserving absolute identity, and a very few, chiefly 
annual or herbaceous plants of various Australian genera, found as far 
as South China, mostly in identical or very closely representative 
species. 
2. The principal Flora showing an ancient connection between 
Australia and other countries is the Indo-Australian. A number of 
genera, whose main station is in tropical Asia, extend more or less into 
tropical and eastern sub-tropical Australia, sometimes in identical, 
sometimes in more or less differentiated species. Those of East 
Queensland have generally an East Asiatic character. A few Ceylonese 
and Peninsular types are more specially represented in Arnhem's Land, 
| Scarcely any Indian forms are found to the westward of that Penin- 
sula. 
3. No less, if not more ancient, must be the connection of the 
mountain Flora of Victoria and Tasmania with the general southern ex- 
tratropical and mountain region, extending through New Zealand to the 
southern end of the American Continent, and thence up the Andes. 
Many of the Australian species of this type are identical with or 
closely representative of New Zealand ones, and some have a much 
wider range. It is probably through this connection that a few species 
belonging to the temperate or cooler floras of the northern hemisphere 
have evidently, in very remote times, become represented in Australia. 
4. Maritime plants, ranging at least from the Mascarene Islands to 
those of the Pacific, are also to be found on the Australian coasts, 
mostly in identical species, with the addition of a few representative 
ones. 
5. An exchange has evidently taken place in plants not strictly 
maritime between North-east Australia and New Caledonia and other 
