with palisade chlorenchyma toward the adaxial surface (figure 3). Cuticule commonly is rather 
thin, particularly on lower leaf surface, but there are some cases where it is up to 3 times the 
thickness of the epidermal cells on the upper surface (C. haussknechtii, C. sellowianum, C. 
taubertianum, C. uninervium (figure 3), C. velvetii). Some species have the lower surface 
conspicuously papillose by thumb-like outgrowings from individual epidermal cells (C. 
chavarrianum, C. triplinerve); some others are minutely papillose (C. amoenum, C. 
stenophyllum, C. zapatae). Upper epidermis is mostly made of a single cell in thickness, but 
some species are with 2 discontinuous layers of cells, and then with oblique walls (C. 
chavarrianum, C. costaricanum (figure 3), C. neurophyllum). Stomata are, in the few species 
studied, of the anomocytic type. Hairs are invariably unicellular, with rather thick walls; in some 
species hair lumen is almost absent by secundary growth of cell walls. Hypoderm under the 
adaxial surface was found only in one species (C. formicarium), consisting of 2 to 3 layers of 
cells; this character is reported for the first time in Cinnamomum. The number of palisade layers 
varies from | to 4 in the species studied (one layer: C. ampullaceum, C. areolatum, C. breedlovei 
(figure 3), C. chiapense, C. hirsutum, C. leptophyllum, C. napoense, C. neurophyllum; two 
layers: C. bractefoliaceum, C. costaricanum (figure 3), C. effusum, C. glossophyllum, C. 
grisebachii, C. hartmanii, C. hatschbachii, C. haussknechtii, C. longipes, C. pachypodum, C. 
padiforme, C. quadrangulum, C. salicifolium, C. sellowianum, C. stenophyllum, C. 
taubertianum, C. triplinerve, C. uninervium (figure 3), C. velvetii, C. zapatae; three layers: C. 
amoenum, C. chavarrianum, C. formicarium, C. salicifolium, C. zapatae; four layers: C. 
formicarium). Usually lower layers are narrower than upper ones, and sometimes rather loose. 
Petzold's observation on distinguishing compact from loose palisade chlorenchyma was not 
24 
