11. Direction of tepals at anthesis. In all three species of Hortonia (as well as in most 
closely related genera) tepals are spreading away from flower axis, and this is considered the 
plesiomorphic state. Reversal from erect tepals to the original condition is, however, regarded as 
possible. 0, spreading; 1, erect. 
12. Relative size between perianth whorls. Perianth in Hortonia gradually changes from 
the external smaller sepaloid tepals to the larger internal petaloid tepals. Yet, most of the inner 
tepals are about the same size. But correspondence between the spiral tepals of Hortonia and the 
whorled tepals in the Lauraceae is not easy to solve. For this analysis, inner tepals of Hortonia 
are homologized to tepals in the Lauraceae, states are unordered. 0, tepals same size; 1, tepals 
different size. 
13. Hairs on inner floral parts. At first the type of pubescence is included because of its 
usefulness in separating Cinnamomum species. In addition, flower internal pubescence is 
particularly considered of importance from its suggested correlations with other characters 
(Rohwer, 1994). Hortonia has only sericeous hairs at the base of stamens and hypanthium. States 
are left unordered. 0, + appressed sericeous; 1, "papillose"; 2, absent. 
14. Supernumerary whorls of stamens (5 or more). Using the outgroup algorithm 
(Maddison et al., 1984) on the cladograms presented by Qiu et al. (1993) one reaches the result 
that androecium presents also the trend of reduction observed in other floral elements in the 
Magnoliidae. The number five is set because the usual condition in the Lauraceae is three whorls 
of stamens (or four, if one considers the staminodial whorl as the fourth). Supernumerary whorls 
of stamens are common within the Monimiaceae, and just a few cases are known in the 
Lauraceae. Hortonia does not have, strictly speaking, five or more whorls of stamens, but it does 
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