@ considered plesiomorphic for the Lauraceae. In the Monimiaceae, all the taxa that have paired 
glands do bear them on all stamens, including the staminodia (usually present). Hortonia 
displays the same condition. 0, glands present; 1, glands absent. 
25. Glands of third whorl stamens. See comment in character 24. 0, present; 1, absent. 
26. Glands of second whorl stamens. See comment in character 24. 0, present; 1, absent. 
27. Glands of first whorl stamens. See comment in character 24. 0, present; 1, absent. 
28. Relative position of sporangia on anthers. By position of sporangia is meant the 
arrangement of the original pair of these structures in an anther half (a theca). Collateral 
sporangia are found in all the close outgroups to the Lauraceae (as viewed in Qiu et al., 1993), 
although there are some also with single sporangia, including some Monimiaceae. Hortonia 
presents the condition of collateral sporangia. Therefore, collateral sporangia are considered 
q plesiomorphic. The trend followed toward the reduction of one of the two original sporangia is 
considered irreversible. Recent data (Rohwer, 1994; pers. obs.) suggest that single sporangia are 
lost only when they attain the overlapped condition. No evidence of return from overlapped to 
collateral condition has been observed or reported. 0, sporangia collateral; 1, sporangia shifted; 2, 
sporangia overlapped; 3, sporangia single. 
29. Persistence of tepals in fruit. Tepals in the Monimiaceae are found to be either 
persistent or deciduous, just as in the Lauraceae. In Hortonia the tepals are persistent, although 
most of them rather withered. The external ones do seem to be still alive when fruit is developed. 
Based on this circumstance, persistence of tepals is considered the plesiomorphic state for this 
character. 0, persistent, at least partially; 1, not persistent. 
30. Hypanthium in fruit. Contrary to what Kostermans (1957) believed, states of this 
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