261 
figures in his folio “‘ Die Eichen Mitteleuropas und des Orients,’’ 
which appeared in parts from 1858-1862. In this work he dis- 
tinguished four species of the *‘ cocciferae,’’? which he recognised 
as a group ‘‘ Phyllocentron ’’ among the evergreen oaks of his 
section ‘* Mesolepidium.’’ Among these Q. palaestina covered the 
Oak of Hebron, whilst the corresponding oak of the Lebanon is 
not accounted for. (. palaestina is also mentioned by Kotschy as 
rowing around Hebron, in a paper on the spring flora of South 
Palestine (in Verh. Zool.-Bol. Ges. Wien, 1861, 16); but in two 
later papers, ‘‘ Der Libanon und seine Alpenflora’’ and “ Die 
Sommerflora des Antilibanon”’ (ibid. 1864), he mentions Q. calli- 
prinos (pp. 451, 455, 748) and Q. pseudococcifera (pp. 748, 764), 
and identifies the latter with the “‘Sendian’’ of the natives. 
Thus Kotschy’s account of the “‘ Cocciferae’’ remains incomplete 
and confused; but it seems as if he had meant at some time to 
extend his concept of Q. palaestina so as to include more northern 
representatives, for he distributed specimens collected on Jebel 
Nur (Nur Dagh, S.E. Cilicia), in 1859 under the name “‘ Quercus 
3 
the same regions. He, too, studied the oaks of the Holy Land in 
the field as well as in the Herbarium. With much of Kotschy’s 
material before him, he came to the conclusion that there was only 
one prickly evergreen oak in Palestine, very closely allied to the 
Kermes oak, but still sufficiently different to require a distinctive 
name. Although considering the differences as ‘‘no more than 
enough to establish a variety upon,’’ he decided for Labillardiére’s 
name Q. pseudococcifera, quoting, however, Desfontaine as its 
author. With this inclusion the area of the Syrian oak was ex- 
tended automatically to Algeria and the Iberian peninsula, and 
its distinctiveness practically obliterated. Hooker's paper was 
read before the Linnean Society in June, 1861, and printed the 
same year. Three years later (Nov., 1864) followed A. De Can- 
dolle’s exhaustive monograph of the Cupuliferae (Prodrom. vol. 
xvi. ii.), in which an elaborate attempt was made to classify the 
numerous forms of the “ cocciferae’’ which had by that time been 
distinguished in one form or the other. It resulted in the recog- 
nition of three species, Q. coccifera with the Kermes oak, and Q. 
rar. arcuata, a : : : 0 
of his distribution labels. The Lebanon form of Labillardiére, as 
