THE RATES OF MORTALITY. 



63 



spouding ratios, the differences between these ratios and 

 that of the increase of population, and the percentages of 

 increase or decrease of the death-rate : — 



Scarlet fever aud "1 

 Diphtheria J 



Fever, Typhus, Ty- ' 

 phoid, and simple 

 continued Fever... 



Whooping-cough ... 



Measles 



Croup 



Small-pox 



Erysipelas 



Influenza 



Total Deaths. 



lo years, 

 1854-63. 



218,248 

 169,511 



I04-3S3 

 88,254 

 52,160 



33,515 

 18,510 

 13,667 



10 years, 

 1864-73, 



227,849 



180,467 



110,722 

 89,121 

 47,562 



70,458 

 19,320 



5,174 



Ratios. 



1-0439 



i'o646 



10610 

 i"oo98 

 o'9ii8 



2'1023 

 10389 



o'3859 



o 



" ■= o S 



9 *< 2 =s 



tH q a^ 3 



m H ^H Q_ 



n 



S=S.2p. 



— •0841 



— •0644 



— '0670 

 -•1182 



— •2162 



+•9743 

 —•0891 



-'7495 



CD ^ O a> 

 ra g to (^ 



- 7-4 



- 5-6 



- 5-9 



- io'4 

 -191 

 4-86-3 



- 7'9 

 -66-4 



It appears, therefore, that of these eight infectious diseases 

 the niortality from seven has diminished very sensibly, 

 while that from the eighth, small-pox, shows an extraordi- 

 nary increase. But this disease is the only one for which 

 we have a special preventive ; and yet, although this pre- 

 ventive has been almost universally applied under the 

 powers of Acts of Parliament, and all the other infectious 

 diseases appear to have yielded in various degrees to the 

 influence of ordinary sanitary improvements, this disease 

 has increased at a rate greatly exceedhig that at which any 

 other infectious disease has decreased, and even, as I shall 

 presently show, greatly exceeded that at which any other 

 disease whatever has increased or decreased, thus strongly 

 suggesting the idea that special means must have been 

 taken to encourage its development. 



Thirty years ago it was commonly supposed that small- 

 pox occurred much more frequently among children and 

 young persons than among adults ; and I find that in the 

 five years 1848-52, the first for which we have accurate 



