CUPULIFER^. 331 



Shady woods. N. Y. ? to Flor. . May.— A tree 60—80 feet high. Leaves 

 large, on petioles about an inch long. Cup hemispheric, enclosing about one 

 third of the acom, on a short peduncle. Acorn large. Timber inferior to that 

 of the preceding, but often employed indiscriminately with it. 



Swamp Chestnut Oak. 



20. Q. bicolor Willd. : leaves on short petioles, oblong-obovate, whitish 

 tomentose beneath, coarsely toothed, cuneate and entire at base; teeth 

 unequal, dilated, rather acute, callous at the summit ; fruit mostly in pairs, 

 on long peduncles ; cup hemispheric ; acorn oblong-ovoid. Q. Prinus 

 discolcrr Mich. f. 



Low woods and swamps. N. Y. to Car. May. — A tree 40 — 60 feet high, 

 with the bark separating into large flat scales or plates. Leaves varying from 

 broad-ovate to oblong. Acorn large, in a small thin and roughish cup. Its tim- 

 ber is in less repute than that of many other species. Swamp White Oak. 



21. Q. montana Willd. : leaves on petioles, broad-obovate, oblong, pubes- 

 cent and somewhat glaucous beneath, coarsely and nearly equally toothed ; 

 teeth short, broad and obtuse, slightly mucronate ; fruit mostly in pairs, on 

 short peduncles ; cup hemispheric ; acorn elliptic-oblong. Q. Prinus mon- 

 ticola Mich. 



In rocky situations. N. H. to Car. W. to Ark. May.— A tree of less size 

 than either of the two preceding. Its wood resembles the white oak in strength, 

 and its bark is highly esteemed by tanners. For fuel it is scarcely exceeded in 

 value by any of our trees. Rock Chestnut Oak. 



22. Q. Casianea Willd. : leaves on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, ob- 

 tuse at base, acuminate, pubescent and grayish beneath, nearly equally 

 toothed ; teeth acute, callous at the point ; cup hemispheric ; acorn round- 

 ish-ovoid, Q. Prinus acuminata Mich. f. 



Mountains. N. Y. to Geor. May. — A tree 60 — 70 feet high. Leaves on long 

 petioles and narrower than those of the former. Fruit middle-sized, sessile or 

 on a short peduncle. In name and use it is often confounded with Q. Prinus. 



Chestnut Oak. Yellow Oak. 



23. Q. Chinquapin Pursh : leaves on short petioles, obovate, and lance- 

 oblong, coarsely and often obsoletely sinuate-toothed, acute at base, pu- 

 bescent and glaucous beneath ; teeth nearly equal, callous at the point ; cup 

 hemispheric, sessile ; acorn ovoid. Q. prinoides Willd. 



Sandy woods. N. Y. to Geor. W. to Ark. May. Y^.—Stem 3—6 feet 

 high. Acorns small, numerous. It occure in tracts or patches intermingled with 

 Q. Banisteri. Chirtquapin Oak. Dwarf Chestnut Oak. 



4. CASTANEA. T^wrw.— Chestnut. 

 (From Castanea, a city of Thessaly, noted for its chestnuts.) 



Polygamous. Sterile Fl. Aments numerous, interruptedly 

 clustered, very long, cylindric. Perianth deeply 5 — 6 -parted. 

 Stamens 8 — 15. Fertile Fl. 2 — 3, within an ovoid scaly or 

 muricate involucre. Perianth urceolate, 5 — 6-cleft, having the 

 rudiments of 10—12 abortive stamens. Ovary crowned with 

 the perianth. Nuts 1 — 3, included in the enlarged echinate 

 4-lobed involucre. 



