338 CONIFERS. 



integument ; embryo in oily albumen. — Trees or shrubs, Tvith a 

 branched trunk abounding in resin. Wood marked with circular 

 disks. Leaves usually rigid and needle-shaped, entire. 



1. JUNIPERUS. Linn.—Jnmper. 

 (From the Celtic jeneprus, rude, rough, characteristic of the plant.) 



DioeciotJfe, rarely monoecious. Sterile Fl. Ament ovoid- 

 oblong, very small; scales verticillate, peltate. Anther-cells 

 3 — 6. Fertile Fl. Ament ovoid ; scales few, concave, united 

 at base, becoming a fleshy tuberculate berry and enclosing 1 — 3 

 crustaceous seeds. 



1. J. communis Linn. : leaves in threes, subolate, spreading, mucronate, 

 longer than the ovoid berry. 



Dry hUls and woods. Can. to Virg. W. to the Rocky Mountains. May. — 

 A shrub with prostrate and spreading branches, forming large beds. Leaves 

 sharply mucronate, glaucous above, shining below. Berry purple. Medicinal. 

 Big. Med. Bot. iii. 45. Common Juniper. 



2. J. Virginiana Linn. : trunk arboreous ; leaves in four rows, shorter 

 than the berry; those of the older branches subulate, cuspidate, and some- 

 what spreading. 



Woods. Can. to Geor. W. to the Rocky Mountains. May. — A middle-sized 

 tree, with horizontal branches. Berry covered with a blue powder. Wood 

 light and very durable. The leaves resemble Savin in their medicinal proper- 

 ties. ^ Red Cedar. 



3. J. prostrata Mich. : stem prostrate, creeping; leaves imbricate in four 

 rows, ovate, submucronate, glandular in the middle, appressed ; berry large 

 and conspicuously tubercular. J. repens NuU. J. Virginiana, var. pros- 

 trata Torr. 



Sandy soils. Can. to Penn. W. to Miss. May. — A low shrub with creeping 

 branches 2 yards long. Dr. Torrey considers tliis as a variety of the preceding j 

 but it seems to differ in its habit and in its fruit. 



Trailing Juniper. 



2. THUYA. Linn.—ArhoT Vita;. 



(From the Greek dvoiv, sacrifice ; because its wood or resin was used as a 

 perfume in sacrifices.) 



Monoecious. Sterile Fl. Aments terminal, very small, 

 ovoid. Perianth none. Anther-cells 4, opening longitudinally. 

 Fertile Fl. Cone with the scales 2-flowered. Seeds more or 

 less winged. 



T. occidentaMs Linn. : branches ancipitous ; leaves imbricate in 4 rows, 

 ovate-rhomboidal, appressed, tuberculate; cones nodding, obovoid; inner 

 scales truncate, gibbous at the summit ; seeds winged all round. 



River banks and hill sides. Can. to Car. W. to Miss. May.— A tree 20—30 

 feet high, with very tough branches. Leaves resembling scales. Cones about 

 half an inch long, yellowish-brown. The wood is light and soft, but very dura- 

 ble. American Arbor Vita. 



