434 GRAMINACE.E. 



low the tip ; upper with a stipitate pencil-form pappus at base. 

 — Flowers in a loose panicle. 



1. C. Canadensis Beauv.: panicle oblong, loose ; glumes nearly equal, 

 serrulate on the keel, somewhat rough on the sides ; paleae as long as the 

 glumes, the lower with an awn on the back. ArnTulo Canadensis Mich. 

 A. cinnoides Muhl. 



Wet meadows. Can. to Car. July, Aug. %. — Culm 8 — 4 feet higli, pmooth. 

 Leaves a foot long, narrow, somewhat scabrous. Panicle erect, much divided, 

 at length spreading. Canadian Small-reed. 



2. C. coardaJta Torr. : panicle contracted, thick, and somewhat spike- 

 form; glumes narrow-lanceolate, nearly equal, a little longer than the 

 palese, keeled ; lower palea awned a Httle below the summit ; pappus two- 

 1 Birds as long as the flower. C. Canadensis Null. Agroslis glauca MiM. 



Wet meadows and swamps. Arct. Amer. to Penn. Aug. %. — Culm 3 — 5 

 feet high, simple, somewhat glaucous. Leaves Unear-lanceolate, scabrous and 

 somewhat haiiy. Panicle terminal, erect, with short aggregated branches. 



Glaucous Small-reed. 



3. C. inexpansa Gray: panicle contracted, elongated; glumes oblong- 

 lanceolate ; palese nearly equal, as long as the glumes, the lower one with 

 a scarcely exserted awn inserted below the middle ; pappus nearly as long 

 as the flower. {Tmr. N. Y. M.) 



Swamps. Northern and Western N. Y- July, Aug. %. — Culm about 3 feet 

 liigh, erect, simple. Leaves 2 — 3 lines wide, smooth. Panicle 4 — 6 inches 

 long, slender, with short rough appressed branches. Differs from the preceding 

 in its more slender panicle, broader and less acute glumes, and the awn inserted 

 near the base of the palese. Torr. Close-flowered Small-reed. 



24. AMMOPHILA. Host.—Ses^ Reed. 



(From the Greek d[i[xo5, sand, and ^(Xo? , a lover ; in allusion to its place of 

 growth.) 



Glumes nearly equal, keeled. Palese shorter than the glumes, 

 surrounded with short hairs at the base, keeled, awnless. 

 Abortive pedicel plumose above. — Panicle spiked, dense and 

 cylindric. 



A. ariindinacea Host. : glumes acute ; hairs or pappus about one-third as 

 long as the paleae. Arundo arenaria Linn. Psamvia arenaria R. <^ S. 



Sandy sea-coast. Can. N. Y. and N. Eng. Aug. %. — Root branching and 

 extensively creeping in the sand. Culm 2 — 3 feet high, erect. Leaves long, 

 smooth, and glaucous. Panicle 6 — 12 inches long, close and spike-like, whitish. 

 The roots of this grass form a mat, which prevents the motion of sand ; and it is 

 sometimes planted on shores to protect them from the inroads of the sea. It is 

 used in Massachusetts for the manufacture of paper. 



Common Sea-reed or Mat-weed. 



'25. PHRAGMITES. T/m.— Reed. 



(From the Greek (ppaynos, a partition or hedge ; in allusion to the use said to 

 have been made of it.) 



Spikelets 3— 7-flowered. Glumes 2, lanceolate, unequal. 



The lower flower staminate and naked at base ; the others per- 



