14 CAMPANULACE.E. 



lobes and the subulate calyx-teeth considerably shorter than its tube. — C. Jlexuosa,M.[chx. 

 Fl. i. 109, appears to be only a low form of this from the higher mountains. — Rocks and 

 banks, along the AUeglianies from Virginia and E. Kentucky to Georgia. 



* * * Long fihfonn style declined and upwardly curved, much exceeding the rotate corolla : cap- 

 .^iule oblong-clavate, sessile, erect; the openings close to the summit: inflorescence truly spicate 

 (centripetal): root annual or at most biennial. 



C. Americana, L. Sparsely hairy or almost glabrous : stem mostly simple, a yard or 

 two liigh : leaves thin and large, ovate and ovate-lanceolate or tlie lowest cordate, petioled ; 

 upper passing into bracts of the elongated and loosely many-flowered virgate spike : corolla 

 white or blue, almost 5-parted ; its lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, half an inch long, 

 exceeding the divergent subulate-setaceous calyx-lobes : capsules half an inch long. — 

 C. obliqua, Jacq. Schccnb. t. 33G. C. acuminata, Michx. Fl. i. 108. C. dcclinata, Moench. 

 C. lUinoensis, Fresenius, a branched state with paniculate leafy spikes, which is not uncom- 

 mon. — Shaded low ground, W. New York to Iowa, south to Georgia and Arkansas. 

 C. PLANiFLORA, Lam. (C. nitida, Ait.), long ago described from cultivated specimens, 



vaguely attributed to North America, is wholly unknown in the wild state ; apparently allied 



to C. per siciv folia, L., and not N. American. 



5. HETEROCODON, Nutt. (Er^Qa, different, and yiwSm^ a bell, from 

 the two kinds of canipanulate flowers.) — A single species, near Campanula, io 

 which Bentham joins it. — Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. viii. 255. 



H. rariflorum, Nutt. A delicate little annual, sparsely hirsute : stems filiform, diffusely 

 spreading, leafy, branching: leaves orbicular with cordate partly clasping base (a fourth 

 to half inch long), ^coarsely many-toothed : flowers solitary, terminal and lateral, also axil- 

 lary ; the later ones only with well-developed pale blue corolla, which barely exceeds the 

 ovate and sjiaringly toothed foliaceous calyx-lobes ; tliese one to three lines long. — Shady 

 and grassy places, Vancouver's Island to California and Nevada, along the coast ranges 

 and the Sierra Nevada. 



Order LXXVII. ERICACEiE. 



Trees, shrubs, or some perennial herbs, with simple and undivided leaves des- 

 titute of stipules and commonly alternate, symmetrical (4-5-merous) and perfect 

 flowers, either regular or occasionally irregular, stamens free or nearly free from 

 the corolla and as many or more commonly twice as many as its lobes or petals, 

 the anthers 2-celled and in most opening by pores (in many awned or otherwise 

 appeudaged), the pollen composed of 4 united grains (except in the fourth suborder 

 and a part of the third), and the style single. Calyx imbricated or spmetimes 

 valvate in the bud, free and the corolla and stamens hypogynous, except in the 

 first suborder. Corolla not rarely 5- (or 4-) petalous, in the bud imbricated or in 

 some convolute. Anthers introrse, or in the PyroUnece primarily and normally 

 extrorse, but in anthesis introrsely inverted! Ovary 4-10-celled (or the cells 

 rarely 3 or 2 and fewer than the petals), with placentae in the axis (a tribe of 

 3Ionotropece excepted) ; the ovules numerous, generally very numerous, sometimes 

 solitary, anatropous. Stigma not rarely girt with a ring, entire or merely lobed ; 

 only in Clethra is the apex of the style 3-cleft. Fruit capsular, baccate, or dru- 

 paceous. Embryo small or minute, in fleshy albumen ; the cotyledons small and 

 short or undeveloped. (^Ericaceae, VacciniacecB, Pyrolacece, & j\Ionotrope(B of 

 authors, all merging into one large family.) 



Suborder I. VACCINIEiE. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary (or to the 

 greater part of it), which in fruit is baccate, either a true berry or drupaceous, 

 crowned with the calyx-teeth. Corolla always gamopetalous, and with the disk 



