Downingia. CAMPANULACEiE. 9 



Nevada to Idaho. Large lip of corolla a fourth to half inch long and broad. Capsule 

 often 2 inches long. 



D. pulchella, Torr. Mostly lower or weaker-stemmed : leaves more linear and obtuse : 

 large lip of the corolla deeply 3-lobod ; the other two lobes oblong-ovate : seeds elongated- 

 oblong. — Cliittonia pulchella, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1909; Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2. t. 412. — Wet 

 banks, California, nearly through the State, and in the borders of N. Nevada and Oregon. 

 Large lip of corolla much broader than long (9 or 10 by 5 or 6 lines) ; all the lobes intense 

 blue ; the large centre mostly white. — Very like the preceding ; both cultivated as orna- 

 mental annuals. 



Order LXXVI. CAMPANULACEtE. 



Herbs, with bland milky juice, alternate simple leaves, no stipules, and regular 

 5-merous flowers ; the tube of the calyx adnate to the 2-5-celled many-ovuled 

 ovary ; the corolla and 5 stamens (alternate with its lobes) inserted where the 

 calyx becomes free, or the latter adnate merely to the base of the corolla ; fruit a 

 many-seeded capsule, rarely baccate. Calyx persistent, usually divided down to 

 the ovary. Corolla valvate, induplicate, or rarely imbricate in the bud. Stamens 

 mostly distinct : anthers with 2 parallel cells, introrse. Style one, almost always 

 pubescent or puberulent for some distance below the 2 to 5 introrse stigmas. 

 Ovules anatropous, on placentoe projecting from the axis. Seeds small, usually 

 smooth. Embryo straight in the axis of fleshy albumen. Flowers often showy ; 

 the corolla commonly blue or in the same species white, and withering rather than 

 deciduous. In fertilization proterandrous ; the anthers opening in the bud, dis- 

 charging their pollen upon the style, where it accumulates upon the collecting 

 hairs or pubescence ; the stigmas (then firmly conniving) maturing and diverging 

 much later, receiving only pollen conveyed from flower to flower by insects. 



Tribe I. SPHENOCLE^E. Corolla imbricated in the bud, bearing the short sta- 

 mens. Style destitute of collecting hairs. Flowers simply spicate, centripetal. 



1. SPHENOCLEA. Flowers all alike. Calyx with 5 roundish lobes ; the short tube ad- 

 nate almost to the depressed summit of the ovary. Corolla short-campanulate, 5-lobcd, 

 deciduous, bearing the stamens on the lower part of its tube. Style very sliort : stigma 

 capitate-2-lobed. Capsule globular and cuneate at base, 2-celled, with stipitatc placentae, 

 circumscissile just below the calyx-lobes, which fall with the lid. Seeds very numerous, 

 oblong. 



TniBE II. CAMPANULE^E. Corolla mostly valvate or induplicate in the bud, and 

 stamens free or adnate to its very base. Style below the stigmas clothed with pollen- 

 collecting hairs. Inflorescence mostly centrifugal, sometimes centripetal. 

 * Capsule opening by a perforation at the apex within the calyx. 



2. GITHOPSIS. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. Tube of the calyx club-shaped, 

 strongly 10-ribbed, adnate up to the very summit of the ovary; limb of 5' long and linear 

 foliaccous lobes. Corolla tubular-campanulate 5-lobed. Filaments short, dilated at the 

 base : anthers long, linear. Ovary 3-cclled : stigma o-lobcd. Capsule club-shaped, cori- 

 aceous, crowned with the rigid calyx-lobes of its own length, strongly striate-ribbed, many- 

 seeded, opening when the persistent base of the style falls away by a round hole in its 

 place. Seeds fusiform-oblong. — Annual. 



* * Capsule dehiscent by one or more small valvular openings on the sides, usually over 

 a partition, rarely disposed also to split septicidally. 



3. SPECULARIA. Flowers in Amer. species dimorphous ; the earlier ones smaller, with 

 undeveloped corolla, and close-fertilized in the bud. Calyx-lobes in these flowers com- 

 monly ?> or 4, in tlie ordinary corolliferous flowers 5, narrow : cal^'x-tube more or less elon- 

 gated and narrow, usually prismatic. Corolla short and broad, rotate wlicn expanded 

 or nearly so, 5-lobed or 5-partcd. Anthers linear. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3, some- 

 times 2 or 4. Capsule prismatic or elongated obconical, or cylindraceous ; the valvular 

 openings cither near the summit or near the middle. — Annuals. 



