190 BORRAGINACE.E. Echinospermum. 



ish, as in the Asiatic plant. — E. patulum, Lehm. in Hook. Fl. ii. 84 ; Torr. in "Wilkes Exp. 

 xvii. 418. E. Lappula, Hook. & Am. Bot. Beech., not Lehm. E. pilosum, Buckley in Proc. 

 Acad. Philad. 1801. Cynoglossum pilosum'? Nutt. Gen. i. 114. — Plains, Saskatchewan and 

 Minnesota to Texas, and west to Arizona and Alaska. 



Var. cupulatum, Gray. Prickles of the nutlet broadened and thickened below 

 and united into a wing or border, which often indurates and enlarges, forming a cup (the 

 disk becoming depressed), with margin more or less incurved at maturity, sometimes only 

 the tips of the prickles free. — Bot. Calif, i. 530. E. strktum, Nees in Neuwied, Trav. App. 

 17 ; Torr. in Pacif. R. Rep. ii. 15, & Bot. Mex. Bound. 1. c, not Ledeb. E. Redowskii, var. 

 strictiim, Watson, 1. c. E. Texanum, Scheele in Linn. xxv. 260. E. scabrosum, Buckley, 1. c. 



— Nebraska to Texas and Nevada, with the common form, into which it passes. 



§ 2. EcHiNOGLOCHiN, Gray. Prickles of the marginless nutlets (disposed 

 without order over the back) beset for their whole length with short retrorse 

 barbs ; the scar next the base, ovate: calyx open but not reflexed in fruit: 03sti- 

 vation of the white corolla between convolute and imbricate (i. e. convolute ex- 

 cept that one lobe is wholly interior) ; the fornicate appendages small : pedicels 

 of the partly bracteate raceme erect, apparently articulated with the axis. — Proc. 

 Am. Acad. xii. 1G3. 



E. Greenei, Gray, 1. c. Annual, with the habit of Eritrichiinnfulvum, di&\xse\y branched 

 from the base, a span high or more, strigulose-pubescent with whitish hairs, and the calyx 

 silky-hirsute with fulvous-yellow hairs : leaves linear (a line or more wide, the lower an inch 

 or two long), obtuse : racemes simple or forked, rather loose, leafy or bracteate at base and 

 occasionally above : flowers 2 lines long : calyx-lobes oblong-linear, obtuse, nearly equalling 

 the corolla : dilated limb of the latter 2 lines wide or nearly : stamens low on the tube : 

 nutlets a line and a half long, shorter than the calyx, ovate-trigonous, obtusely carinate on 

 the back, acutely carinate ventrally down to the low scar, minutely tuberculate-scabrous 

 throughout ; the scattered barbed prickles terete, rather slender, a third to half line long. 



— Northern part of California, common about Yreka, E. L. Greene. An additional link 

 between Echinospermum and Eritrichium, perhaps deserving the rank of a genus. 



11. EHITRICHIUM, Schrader. (Composed of fQiov., wool, and rofyiov, 

 small hair, the original species being woolly-hairy.) — Now a large genus of wide 

 distribution, but most largely W. N. American, between Myosotis on one hand 

 and Echinospermum on the other, not quite definitely distinguished from the 

 latter. Lower leaves not rarely opposite. Flowers (spring and summer) white, 

 in a few blue, only in the last species yellow. Calyx circumscissile and deciduous 

 from the fruit in a few species, otherwise persistent. — A. DC. Prodr. x. 124, excl. 

 spec. ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. x. 5o ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 850. Krynitzkia, 

 Plagiohothrys, &c., Fisch. & Meyer. 



§ 1. EuERiTRiCHiUJi, Gray, 1. c. Nutlets obliquely attached by the base of 

 inner angle to a low-conical or pyramidal gynobase ; the scar roundish or oblong, 

 small : seed amphitropous, ascending : tube of the corolla not exceeding the calyx : 

 pedicels not articulated with the rachis. 



* (EcHiNOSPERMOiDEA.) Nutlets with a pectinate-toothed or spinulose dorsal border: cespitose 



dwarf perennials. — Entrichium, Schrader. 

 E. nanum, Schrader. Cespitose in pulvinate tufts, rising an inch or two above the 

 surface, densely villous with long and soft white hairs : leaves oblong, 3 to 5 lines long : 

 flowers terminating very short densely leafy shoots, or more racemose on developed few- 

 leaved stems of an inch or more in height, short-pedicelled, some of them bracteate : 

 corolla with limb very bright cjerulean blue, 2 or 3 lines in diameter : crest-like or wing- 

 like border of the nutlet various, mostly cut into slender teeth or lobes. (Alps of Eu.) 



Var. aretioides, Herder. More condensed : leaves varying from ovate to lanceo- 

 late : long villous hairs sometimes with papillose-dilated base. — Radde, Riesen, iv. 253; 



