Pediculans. SCROPHULAKIACE^E. 305 



33. SCHWALBEA, Gronov, Chaff-seed. (C. G. Schwalhe, who 

 wrote a tract on Sarsaparilla in 1715.) Clayt. Fl. Virg. ed. 1, 71. — Single 

 species. 



S. Americana, L. Perennial herb, minutely soft-pubescent : stem strict, 2 feet high, 

 leafy: leaves sessile, ovate or oblong, 3-nerved, entire, an inch or more long; upper grad- 

 ually reduced to bracts of the loose virgate spike : corolla full inch long, yellowish and 

 purplish : bractlets linear. — Spec. ii. 606 (Pluk. Mant. t. 348, fig. 2) ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 

 X. 538. — Low sandy ground, Mass. to Louisiana, near the coast. PI. early summer. 



34. EUPHRASIA, Tourn. Eyebright. (Greek for hilarity, from 

 reputed power to restore impaired eye-sight.) — Genus of wide distribution, but 

 only a single and insignificant N. American species. 



E. officinalis, L. Low annual: leaves from round-ovate to oblong, incisely dentate; 

 the upper witii very strong setaceous-tipped teeth ; lowest crenate : galea and lobes of 

 lower lip of the purplish or bluish corolla deeply emarginate. — N. E. coast of Maine and 

 Canada : depauperate and small-flowered forms, perhaps introduced from Europe. Alpine 

 region of White Mountains of New Hampshire, shore of L. Superior, nortliern Rocky 

 Mountains to Aleutian Islands and far northward ; chiefly the var. Tartarica, Benth. in 

 DC. (E. latifolia, Pursh, Fl. ii. 4-30) ; a low form with small flowers (2 or 3 lines long), and 

 mostly rounded leaves (3 to 6 lines long) : fl. summer. (Eu., N. Asia.) 



35. BARTSIA, L. (Dr. I. Bartsch, an early friend of Linnceus, who died 

 in Surinam.) — Herbs, the genuine species chiefly of mountains or cold regions, 

 both of the Old and New World ; with opposite sessile leaves, and subsessile 

 flowers, in the upper axils and in a terminal leafy spike. 



B. alpina, L. A span high, simple from a perennial root, pubescent, leafy : leaves ovate, 

 crenate-dentate, half inch long : spike short : corolla over half inch long, purple, with 

 obovate somewhat arching galea : anthers hairy on the back. — Spec. ii. 602 ; Engl. Bot. 

 361 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 430. — Labrador. (Greenland, Arct. & Alp. Eu.) 



B. ODONTixES, Huds. A span or two high from an annual root, branching, scabrous- 

 pubescent : leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and remotely serrate: spikes elongated, 

 loosely flowered, partly in the axils of ordinary leaves : corolla small, rose-red : anthers 

 nearly naked. — Fl. Angl. 268; Engl. Bot. 1. 1415. Euphrasia Odontites, L. Odontites rubra, 

 Pers. Syn. ii. 150. — Coast of Maine and of Nova Scotia. (Sparingly nat. from Eu.) 



36. PEDICUL ARIS, Tourn. Lousewort. (Pedicuhcs, a louse ; no 

 obvious application, unless the herb was used as an insectifuge.) — Large genus, 

 of perennial herbs, or rarely biennial or annual (as in P. palustris and P. euphra- 

 sioides) ; many arctic-alpine, rather few N. American, still fewer S. American. 

 Leaves commonly jjinnately cleft or dissected, mainly alternate ; flowers in a ter- 

 minal bracteate spike, rarely in a raceme or scattered ; in spring or summer. — 

 Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. 560 ; Maxim. Diagn. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. x. 1877. 



* Cauline leaves and flowers verticillate or mostly so : calyx 5-toothed : galea toothless. 



P. Menziesii, Benth. About 10 inches high, nearly glabrous, simple : leaves deeply 

 pinnatifid or pinnately parted into oblong incisely toothed divisions : lower whorls of the 

 spike rather distant : calyx inflated-globose ; tlie teeth short, ciliate, somewhat crested : 

 tube of corolla exceeding the calyx ; galea straightish, slightly if at all rostrate, shorter 

 than the depending lower lip. — Prodr. 1. c. 563. — N. W. Coast, Menzies, in herb. Smith. 

 Not identified : char, copied. Corolla of P. versicolor, but with much-dilated throat. 



P. verticillata, L. A span high, glabrate or above pilose : leaves 1-2-pinnately parted 

 or pinnatifid into small ovate or oblong divisions or lobes : spikes interrupted: calyx-teeth 

 entire or serrulate : corolla red (half incli long) : galea sliort, barely incurved at the blunt 

 apex, nearly equalled by the lower lip. — Jacq. Austr. iii. t.206; Benth. 1. c. ; Reichenb. Ic. 

 Germ. t. 1762. — Alaska to arctic regions, and Aleutian Islands. (Asia, Eu.) 



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