14 POLYPODIACEAE. 
Indusium orbicular, entire, peltate, fixed by the depressed centre. 
Leaves once pinnate. 
Stipes short ; lower pinnae much reduced. 1. D. Lonchitis. 
Stipes longer ; lower pinnae usually little reduced. 2. D. acrostichoides. 
Leaves bipinnate. 3. D. Braunit. 
Indusium cordate-reniform or orbicular, fixed by the sinus. 
Texture thin-membranous ; veins simple or once forked ; leaves pinnatifid. 
Lower pinnae very much reduced. 4. D. Noveboracensis. 
Lower pinnae little smaller than the middle ones. 
Veins 1-2-forked ; sori crowded, 10°12 to a segment. 5. D. Thelypteris. 
Veins simple ; sori larger, distinct, 4-10 to a segment. 6. D. stmulata, 
Texture firmer, sometimes subcoriaceous ; veins forking freely. 
Leaves 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate ; segments not spinulose. 
Leaves small, narrowly lanceolate. 
Leaves larger, mostly 114°-5° high. 
Indusia large, thinnish and flat. 
D. fragrans, 
“I 
Pinnae widest at the base. 8. D. cristata. 
Pinnae widest at the middle. 9. D. Goldieana. 
Indusia convex, without marginal glands. 
Sori near the margin. 10. D. marginalis. 
Sori near the midvein. 1. D. Filia-mas. 
Leaves 2-pinnate or 3-pinnatifid ; segments spinulose-toothed. 
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, usually not narrowed below; scales of stipes usually with a 
dark centre. 12. D. spinulosa. 
Leaves elongated-lanceolate, usually narrowed at the base; scales of the stipes pale 
brown. 13. D. Boottit. 
1. Dryopteris Lonchitis (L.) Kuntze. Holly-fern. (Fig. 26.) 
Polypodium Lonchitts \. Sp. Pl. 1088. _ 1753 
Aspidium Lonchitis Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 
Dryopteris Lonchitis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 813. 1891. 
Rootstock short, stout, densely chaffy. Stipes 
1’-5’ long, bearing large dark brown scales with 
some smaller ones; leaves rigid, coriaceous, ever- 
green, narrowly lanceolate in outline, once pinnate; 
piunae broadly lanceolate-falcate, 1/-2’ long, acute 
or acuminate at the apex, strongly auricled on the 
upper side at the base and obliquely truncate on 
the lower, densely spinulose-dentate, the lowest 
commonly triangular and shorter; sori large, at 
length contiguous, borne nearer the margin than 
the midrib, commonly quite close to the margin ; 
indusium orbicular, entire, fixed by its depressed 
centre. 
On rocks, Labrador to Alaska, south to Ontario and 
British Columbia, and in the Rocky Mountains to 
Utah. Also in northern Europe and Asia. Aug. 
2. Dryopteris acrostichoides (Michx.) Kuntze. Christmas Fern. (Fig. 27.) 
= Nephrodium acrostichoides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 267. 
/ 1803. 
f 2 ) Aspidium acrostichoides Sw. Syn. Fil. 44. 1806. 
' Dryopteris acrostichoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 812. 1891. 
Rootstock stout, creeping. Stipes 5’-7’ long, 
densely chaffy; leaves lanceolate in outline, 6’-2° long, 
= 4 
nate ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, somewhat falcate, 1/—3/ 
long, acutish at the apex, half halberd-shaped at the 
base, bristly with appressed teeth, the lower little 
smaller, sometimes deflexed ; fertile fronds contracted 
at the summit, bearing the large contiguous sori near 
the middle, which soon cover the whole lower sur- 
face ; indusium orbicular, entire, fixed by its depressed 
centre, persistent. 
In woods and on hillsides, most abundant in rocky 
re places, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to Florida, west 
4 *to Ontario, Wisconsin and Mississippi. Ascends to 2700 
ft. in Maryland. July-Aug. 
Forms with cut-lobed or incised pinnae are known as 
var. Schwetnilzii ; occasional forms are 2-pinnatifid. 
Ni 
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