16 POLY PODIACEAE. 
6. Dryopteris simulata Davenp. Massachusetts Shield-fern. (Fig. 31.) 
Aspidium simulatum Davenp. Bot. Gaz.19 : 495. 1894" 
Dryopteris simulata Davenp. Bot. Gaz. 19: 497. 1894. 
As synonym. 
Rootstock wide-creeping, slender, brownish ; 
stipes 6’-20’ long, straw-colored, dark brown at 
base, with deciduous scales; leaves 8’-20’ long, 
2'-7’ wide, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acu- 
My ~~ niinate apex (abruptly tapering in the fertile leaf), 
< a little or not at all narrowed at the base; pinnae 12- 
[~\ 20 pairs, lanceolate, pinnatifid, the segments ob- 
liquely oblong, obtuse, entire, slightly revolute in 
the fertile leaf; surfaces finely pubescent, especi- 
ally near the midribs; texture rather thin; veins 
simple, nearly straight ; sori rather large, somewhat 
distant, 4-10 to each segment ; indusia finely glan- 
l dular at the margins, withering-persistent. 
In woodland swamps, New Hampshire to the Indian 
; erritory. Close to the preceding species. Summer. 
7. Dryopteris fragrans (I,.) Schott. 
Fragrant Shield-fern. (Fig. 32. ) 
Polypodium fragrans \,. Sp. Pl. 1089. 1753. 
Aspidium fragrans Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2:35. 1800, 
Dryopteris fragrans Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. 
Rootstock stout, chaffy with brown shining scales. 
Stipes 2’-4/dong, chaffy ; leaves lanceolate, firm, glan- 
dular and aromatic, pinnate or nearly 2-pinnate, 
acuminate at apex, narrowed to the base, 3’-12’ long; 
pinnae deeply pinnatifid, numerous, lanceolate, acute, 
44/-1\4’ long; segments oblong, obtuse, dentate or cee) ee by 
2° 
nearly entire, nearly covered by the large sori; in- wi 
. : . Ny, oon é 
dusium thin, nearly orbicular, persistent long after SrA Con cad & 
the sporanges have matured, its margin ragged and <oomnlorn, ie 
. . . MAMtt" —< 
sparingly gland-bearing, the sinus narrow. Zi —— 
_ : $ ON Via 
On rocks, Labrador to Alaska, south to Maine, Vermont, == aa f 
the Adirondack Mountains and Wisconsin. Ascends to > 
4ooo ft. in Vermont. Also in Greenland, Europe and Asia. 
8. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray. 
Crested Shield-fern. (Fig. 33.) 
Polypodium cristatum V,. Sp. Pl. 1090. _ 1753. 
Aspidium cristatum Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2:37. 1800. 
Dryopteris cristata A. Gray, Man, 631. 1848. 
Rootstock stout, creeping, densely chaffy. Stipes 
of the sterile leaves 2’-5’ long, those of the fertile 
6’-10’ long; leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, 
acuminate at the apex, gradually and slightly nar- 
rowed to the base, rather firm, 1°-2'4° long, 4’-6’ 
wide, pinnate; pinnae lanceolate or triangular- 
a 
INOS ; AN A ovate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid or the lower 
YG pinnate, the segments 6-10 pairs, serrate or incised; 
AL) (M0 Aeees>S | sori about midway between the margin and midrib; 
i joy ais indusium thin, orbicular-reniform, glabrous. 
Soy NINDS gle In wet woods and swamps, Newfoundland to Mani- 
Erg , Dp SS 2 toba, south to Kentucky and Arkansas. Ascends to 2700 
tA ft.in Maryland. Also in Europe and Asia. July-Aug. 
Dryopteris cristata Clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Underw. Native Ferns, Ed. 4, 115. 1893. 
Aspidium cristalum var. Clintonianum D. C. Eaton in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 665. 1867. es 
Leaves 2'°-4° long, with oblong-lanceolate pinnae, which are broadest at the base and 4'-6 
long ; segments 8-16 pairs, linear-oblong, obscurely serrate ; veins pinnately forking, bearing the 
sori near the midvein. Maine and Ontario to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. 
