FERN FAMILY. 
g. Dryopteris Goldieana (Hook.) A. Gray. Goldie’s Fern 
Aspidium Goldieanum Hook. Edinb. Philos. Journ. 6: 
333-1822. 
Dryopteris Goldiana A. Gray, Man. 631. 1848. 
Rootstock stout, widely creeping, chaffy. Stipes 
1o’-18’ long, chaffy at least below; leaves broadly 
ovate, rather firm, 2°-4° long, usually 1° or more we ; 
wide, glabrous or nearly so, dark green above, pin- ey 
nate or nearly 2-pinnate; lower pinnae broadly SS 
lanceolate, widest at about the middle, 6/-9/’ SSI 
long, 1-2’ wide, pinnately parted into about 20 Gf 
pairs of oblong-linear subfalcate segments which Se 
f 
are serrate with appressed teeth; sori very near GUN 74= 
the midrib, close together but distinct, large; in- 
dusium orbicular, fixed by its narrow sinus, glab- 
rous, persistent. 
In rich woods, New Brunswick to Minnesota, south 
to North Carolina and Tennessee. Ascends to 5000 ft. 
in Virginia and to 2500 ft. in Vermont. July-Aug. 
1o. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray. Evergreen Wood-fern. (Fig. 35.) 
Polypodium margtnale I,. Sp. Pl. 1091. 1753. 
Aspidium marginale Sw. Syn. Fil. 50. 1806. 
Dryopteris marginalis A. Gray, Man. 632. 1848. 
Rootstock stout, ascending, densely chaffy with dark 
brown shiningscales. Stipes 3/-8/ long, chaffy below; 
leaves borne in a crown, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceo- 
late in outline, subcoriaceous, 6’—2 14° long, pinnate or 
2-pinnate, acuminate at the apex, slightly narrowed at 
the base ; pinnae numerous, lanceolate, nearly sessile, 
glabrous, 2’-5’ long, the lower broader and shorter 
than the middle ones, the upper pinnatifid, the lower 
pinnately parted into oblong, sometimes slightly fal- 
cate obtuse entire dentate or pinnately lobed pinnules; 
sori distinct, close to the margin, covered by the glab- 
rous indusium which is fixed by its sinus. 
In rocky woods and on banks, Prince Edward Island to 
the Northwest Territory, south to Alabama and Arkansas. 
Ascends to 5000 ft. in Virginia. A hybrid with D. cristata 
is described. Leaves evergreen. July—Aug. 
11. Dryopteris Filix-Mas (L,.) Schott. Male Fern. (Fig. 36.) 
Polypodium Filix-mas ¥,. Sp. Pl. 1090. 1753. d Ai, Fea 
Aspidium Filia-mas Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2: 38. 1800. i 
Dryopteris Filix-mas Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. 
Rootstock stout, ascending or erect, chaffy. Stipes 
4/-6/ long, very chaffy below; leaves broadly oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate at the apex, slightly 
narrowed to the base, 1°-3° long, rather firm, half 
evergreen, pinnate or partly 2-pinnate ; pinnae lanceo- 
2M pean 
late, Eeagest at the base, gradually acuminate to the Ay) Ui My ae 
apex, 3/-6’ long, pinnatifid almost to the rachis or 4) sy 
VIVA. 
pinnately divided into oblong glabrous lobes or pin- a 
nules ; pinnules slightly dentate, incised or nearly en- 
tire; sorilarge, borne near the midvein, more numerous 
on the lower halves of the segments ; indusium firm, 
convex, glabrous, orbicular-reniform, fixed by its sinus. 
In rocky woods, Labrador to Alaska, south to northern 
Michigan and British Columbia, and in the Rocky Moun- 
tains to Arizona. Also in Greenland, Europe and Asia, 
and in the Andes of South America. Aug. The rootstock 
of this and the preceding species furnish the drug Filix- 
mas, used as a vermifuge. 
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