18 POLYPODIACEAE. 
12. Dryopteris spinuldsa (Retz) Kuntze. Spinulose Shield-fern. (Fig. 37.) 
Polypodium spinulosum Retz, Fl. Scand. Ed. 2, 250. 1795. 
Aspidium spinulosum Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2:38. 1800, 
Dryopteris spinulosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 813. 1891. 
Rootstock stout, chaffy. Stipes 6’-18’ long, bearing 
a few pale brown deciduous scales; leaves ovate-lan- 
ceolate, 2-pinnate, the pinnae oblique to the rachis, 
elongated-triangular, rather thin, the lower pairs 
broadly triangular, slightly shorter than the middle 
ones; pinnules oblique to the midrib, connected by a 
very narrow wing, oblong, incised or pinnatifid with 
spinulose-toothed lobes; indusium glabrous, orbicular- 
reniform, fixed by its sinus. 
In rich woods, Newfoundland to Alaska and Washing- 
ton, south to Kentucky and Michigan. Ascends to 5000 
ft. in Virginia. Also in Europe and Asia. July-Aug. 
Dryopteris spinulosa intermédia (Muhl.) Underw. 
Native Ferns, Ed. 4. 116 (1893). 
Aspidium intermedium Muhl.,; Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 262. 1810. 
Dryopteris intermedia A. Gray, Man. 630. 1848. 
Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium D. C. Eaton in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 665. 1867. 
_ Scales of the stipes few, brown with a darker centre ; leaves oblong-ovate, 2-3-pinnate, the 
pinnae oblong-lanceolate, spreading, the lowest unequally triangular-ovate ; pinnules crowded, pin- 
nately divided ; indusium delicate, beset with stalked glands. Labrador to Alaska, south to North 
Carolina and Missouri.(?) We have chosen this commonest American form for illustration. 
Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata \ Hoffm.) Underw. Native Ferns, Ed. 4, 116. 1893. 
Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2:7. 1795. 
Aspidium spinulosum var. dilatatum Hook. Brit. Fl. 444. 1830. 
Dryopteris dilatata A. Gray, Man. 631. 1848. 
Scales of the stipe large, brown with a darker centre; leaves broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 
commonly 3-pinnate ; pinnules lanceolate-oblong, the lowest often much elongated ; indusium glab- 
rous. Newfoundland to Washington and Alaska, south along the Alleghenies to North Carolina 
and Tennessee and to Ohio and Nebraska. Also in Europe and Asia. 
13. Dryopteris Boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. Boott’s Shield-fern. (Fig. 38.) 
v Aspidium Boottit Tuckerm. Hovey’s Mag. 9:145. 1843. 
Aspidium spinulosum var. Boottti D. C. Eaton in A. 
Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 665. 1867. 
Dryopteris Boottit Underw. Native Ferns, Ed. 4, 117. 
1893. . 
Rootstock stout, ascending. Stipes 8/12’ long, 
covered, at least below, with thin pale-brown 
scales; leaves elongated-obloug or elongated- 
lanceolate in outline, thin, acuminate at the apex, 
slightly narrowed at the base, nearly or quite 
2-pinnate, 1°-2'4° long, 3/-5’ wide ; pinnae lanceo- 
late, long-acuminate, broadest at the nearly sessile 
base; pinnules broadly oblong, very obtuse, the 
lower pinnatifid ; sori distinct, borne about half 
way between the midvein and margin; indusium 
orbicular-reniform, minutely glandular. 
In woods, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to south- 
ern New York, Delaware and Maryland. Ascends to 
2000 ft. in Vermont. Also in northern Europe and 
Asia. July-Sept. 
6. PHEGOPTERIS Feée, Gen. Fil. 242. 1850-52. 
Medium sized or small ferns with 2-3-pinnatifid or ternate leaves and small round sori borne 
on the backs of the veins below the apex. Stipe not jointed with the rootstock. Indusium 
none. Fertile (spore-bearing) and sterile leaves similar. Sporanges pedicelled, provided with 
a vertical ring, bursting transversely. [Greek, signifying Beech-fern. ] 
About 100 species of wide geographic distribution. Besides the following another occurs in 
western North America. 
Leaves triangular, 2-pinnatifid ; pinnae.sessile, adnate to the winged rachis. 
Leaves longer than broad, usually dark green. 
Leaves as broad as long, or broader, usually light green. 
Leaves ternate, with the three divisions petioled ; rachis wingless. 
. P. Phegopterts. 
. P. hexagonoptera, 
. P. Dryopleris. 
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