FERN FAMILY. 19 
1. Phegopteris Phegopteris (I.) Underw. Long Beech-fern. (Fig. 39.) 
Polypodium Phegopteris I. Sp. Pl. 1089. 1753. LPP) 
Phegopteris polypodioides Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52. <i 
Phegopteris Phegopteris Underw.; Small, Bull. Torr. 
Club, 20: 462. 1893. 
Rootstock slender, creeping, somewhat chaffy at 
least when young. Stipes 6’-9/ long ; leaves trian- 
gular, thin, mostly longer than wide, 4’-9/ long, 3/— 
6’ wide, acuminate at the apex, pubescent, especi- 
ally on the veins beneath; pinnae lanceolate or 
linear-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, sessile, 
broadest above the base, pinnately parted very 
nearly to the rachis into oblong obtuse entire seg- 
ments, the lower pair deflexed and standing for- 
ward ; basal segments, at least those of the upper 
pinnae, decurrent and adnate to the winged rachis ; 
sori small, borne near the margin. 
In moist woods and on hillsides, Newfoundland to 
Alaska, south to the mountains of Virginia, and to 
Michigan and Washington. Ascends to 4ooo ft. in 
Vermont. Also in Europe and Asia. Aug. 
Kt 
Fée. Broad Beech-fern. (Fig. 40.) 
Polypodium hexagonopterum Michx. FI. Bor, Am. 
2: 271. 1803. 
Phegopteris hexagonopltera Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 
1850-52. 
Rootstock slender, creeping, chaffy, some- 
what fleshy. Stipes 8’-18’ long, straw-colored, 
naked ; leaves triangular, as broad as or broader 
than long, 7-12’ wide, slightly pubescent and 
often slightly glandular beneath, acuminate at 
the apex; uppermost pinnae oblong, obtuse, 
dentate or entire, small, the middle ones lance- 
olate, acuminate, the very large lowest pair 
broadest near the middle, pinnately parted 
nearly to the midvein into linear-oblong obtuse 
segments ; sori mostly near the margin. 
In dry woods and on hillsides, Quebec to Minne- 
sota, south to Florida and Louisiana. Ascends to 
4ooo ft. in North Carolina. Leaves fragrant. Aug. 
3. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fée. 
Oak-fern. (Fig. 41.) 
Polypodium Drvyopteris 1. Sp. Pl. 1093. 1753. 
Phegopteris Dryopleris Fée, Gen, Fil. 243. 1850-52. 
Rootstock slender, creeping. Stipes slender, 
4’-12/ long, chaffy at least near the base; leaves 
thin, broadly triangular, almost glabrous, 4/—5’ 
wide, ternate, the three primary divisions stalked, 
pinnate or partly 2-pinnate, the terminal one 
slightly larger, all spreading more or less at right 
angles to the stipe; pinnules lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, sessile ; segments 
oblong, obtuse, entire or crenate, close together. 
In moist woods, thickets and swamps, Newfound- 
land to Alaska, south to Virginia, Minnesota, Oregon, 
and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. Ascends to 
2400 ft. in the Catskills. Alsoin Europe and Asia, Aug. 
Phegopteris Dryopteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) Davenp. 
Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 47. 1883. 
Polypodium Robertianum Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 1795. 
Phegopteris calcarea Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52. 
Stipes 6'-10' long, straw-colored when dry ; leaves 6'-8’ long, mostly erect, 5'-7’ wide, deltoid- 
ovate, 2-pinnate, the lowest pinnae much the largest, pinnatifid or again pinnate ; upper pinnae 
smaller, pinnatifid, lobed or entire;sori numerous. Labrador to lowa and Idaho. Also in Europe. 
