xii INTRODUCTION. 
The text for the families Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae, Naiadaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Ara- 
ceae, Eriocaulaceae, Pontederiaceae, Smilaceae and Orchidaceae, was prepared by the late 
Rey. Thomas Morong, and has been printed with very little change from his manuscript. 
Draughtsmen. 
Most of the drawings have been executed by Mr. F. Emil; he has made all the figures of 
the Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and nearly all of the Monocotyledones, with the exception 
of those of Gramineae, Melanthaceae, Liliaceae and Convallariaceae; also nearly all of the 
apetalous Choripetalae, and a considerable portion of the Sympetalae. Miss Millie Timmer- 
man (now Mrs. Heinrich Ries) drew the bulk of the polypetalous Choripetalae, the enlarged 
parts being mostly inserted by Mr. Arthur Hollick; she also did some work on several of the 
sympetalous families. Mr. Joseph Bridgham drew the Melanthaceae, Liliaceae and Conval- 
lariaceae; also the Ericaceae, Primulaceae and several related families. Mr. Theodor Holm 
drew most of the Gramineae. Mr. Hollick has made some drawings and numerous enlarge- 
ments of special parts throughout the work. Miss Mary Knight and Mr. Rudolph Weber 
have also contributed drawings. 
Symbols Used. 
° is used after figures to indicate feet. 
’ is used after figures to indicate inches. 
’’ is used after figures to indicate lines, or twelfths of an inch. 
, over syllables indicates the accent, and the short English sound of the vowel. 
. over syllables indicates the accent, and the long, broad, open or close English sound. 
NEw York, August 15th, 1896. 
