PINE FAMILY. CONIFERS. 
2. Pinus resinosa Ait. Canadian 
Pine. Red Pine. (Fig. 111.) 
Pinus resinosa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 367. 1789. 
A tall forest tree, reaching a maximum height 
of about 150° and a trunk diameter of 5°, the 
the bark reddish, rather smooth, flaky when 
old. Leaves 2 in each sheath, slender, dark 
green, 4’-6’ long, with 2 fibro-vascular bundles ; 
sheaths 6’/-12/’ long when young; staminate 
aments 6’/-9’’ long ; cones subterminal, spread- 
ing, oval-conic, 114’-2'4’ long, usually less than 
1’ thick while the scales are closed; scales 
thickened at the apex, obtuse, rounded and 
devoid of spine or prickle. 
In woods, Newfoundland to Manitoba, south to 
Massachusetts, Pennsylvaniaand Minnesota. Wood 
compact, not strong, light red; weight per cubic 
foot 30 lbs. May-June. 
3. Pinus paldstris Mill. Long-leaved Pine. 
; Pinus palustrts Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 14. _ 1768. 
Georgia Pine. (Fig. 112.) 
4. Pinus ponderosa Doug]. 
low Pine. (Fig. 113.) 
Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Lawson’s Man. 354. 1836. 
One of the largest North American trees, attaining 
Pinus australis Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 1: 64. f/. 6. 
1810. 
A large tree, sometimes attaining a height of 100° 
and a trunk diameter of 5°, the bark nearly smooth. 
Leaves in 3’s, slender, dark green, clustered at the 
ends of the branches, much elongated (10/16 long), 
with 2 fibro-vascular bundles; sheaths 1/-1'4’ long ; 
buds long ; staminate aments rose-purple, 2’—3 4’ long, 
very conspicuous; cones terminal, spreading or erect, 
conic-cylindric, 6/-10’ long, 2/—3’ thick before the 
scales open; scales thickened at the apex, which is 
provided with a transverse ridge bearing a short cen- 
tral recurved prickle. 
In sandy, mostly dry soil, often forming extensive for- 
ests, southern Virginia to Florida and Texas, mostly near 
the coast. Wood hard, strong, compact, light red or 
orange; weight per cubic foot 44 lbs. This tree is the 
chief source of our turpentine, tar, rosin, and their deriva- 
tives. Also known as Southern Pine, Yellow Pine, Hard 
Pine and Virginia Pine. March-April. 
Western Yel- 
a maximum height of nearly 300° and a trunk diam- 
eter of 15°, but commonly much smaller. Branches 
widely spreading or somewhat drooping; bark light 
red, scaly ; leaves in 3’s (rarely some of them in 2’s), 
rather stout, 5-10’ long, slightly scabrous; cones 
subterminal, very dense and heavy, ovoid-conic, 
4/-6’ long, 114/-214’ thick; scales much thickened at 
the apex, the transverse ridge prominent, with a 
triangular subulate short stout recurved prickle. 
Montana to British Columbia, south to western Ne- 
braska, Texas, Mexico and California; the shorter-leaved 
eastern form which reaches our area has been distin- 
guished from the western as var. scopulorum. Wood hard, 
strong, light red; weight per cubic foot 29 lbs. One of the 
most important lumber-trees of the west. April-May. 
