54 PINACEAE. 
2. LARIX Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 480. 1763. 
Tall trees with horizontal or ascending branches and small narrowly linear deciduous 
leaves, without sheaths, in fascicles on short lateral scaly bud-like branchlets. Aments 
short, lateral, monoecious, the staminate from leafless buds; the ovule-bearing buds com- 
monly leafy at the base and the aments red. Anther sacs 2-celled, the sacs transversely or 
‘obliquely dehiscent. Pollen-grains simple. Cones ovoid or cylindric, small, erect, their 
scales thin, spirally arranged, obtuse, persistent. Ovules 2 on the base of each scale, ripen- 
ing into 2 reflexed somewhat winged seeds. [Name ancient, probably Celtic. ] 
About 9 species, natives of the north temperate and subarctic zones. Besides the following 2 
others occur in the western parts of North America. 
1. Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Ameri- 
can Larch. Tamarack (Fig. 120.) 
Pinus laricina Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 49. 1771. 
Pinus pendula Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 369. 1789. 
Larix Americana Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 203. 1803. 
Larix laricina Koch, Dendrol. 2: Part 2, 263. 1873. 
A slender tree, attaining a maximum height of 
about 100° anda trunk diameter of 3°, the branches 
spreading, the bark close or at length slightly scaly. 
Leaves pale green, numerous in the fascicles, 5/’/— 
12’ long, about /’’ wide, deciduous in late autumn; 
fascicles borne on short lateral branchlets about 2’’ 
long; cones short-peduncled at the ends of similar 
branchlets, ovoid, obtuse, 6’’-8’’ long, composed of 
about 12 suborbicular thin scales, their margins 
entire or slightly lacerate. 
In swampy woods and about margins of lakes, New- 
foundland to the Northwest Territory, south to New Jer- 
sey, Pennsylvania, Indianaand Minnesota. Wood hard, 
strong, very durable, resinous, light brown; weight per 
cubic ft. 391bs. Calledalso Hackmatack. March-April. 
3. PICEA Link, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1827: 179. 1827-1830. 
Evergreen conical trees, with linear short 4-sided leaves spreading in all directions, 
jointed at the base to short persistent sterigmata, on which they are sessile, falling away in 
drying, the bare twigs appearing covered with low truncate projections. Leaf-buds scaly. 
Staminate aments axillary, nearly sessile; anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent, 
the connective prolonged into an appendage; pollen-grains compound; oyule-bearing aments, 
terminal, ovoid or oblong; ovules 2 on the base of each scale, reflexed, ripening into 2 more or 
less winged seeds. Cones ovoid or oblong, obtuse, pendulous, their scales numerous, spirally 
arranged, thin, obtuse, persistent. [Name ancient. ] 
About 14 species, natives of the north temperate and subarctic zones. Besides the following, 
3 others occur in the northwestern parts of North America. 
Twigs and sterigmata glabrous, glaucous; cones oblong-cylindric. 1. P. Canadensis. 
Twigs pubescent, brown; cones ovoid or oval. 
Twigs stout; leaves mucronate; cones persistent. 
Twigs slender; leaves very acute; cones deciduous. 
1. Picea Canadénsis Mill.) B.S.P. 
White Spruce. (Fig. 121.) 
Abies Canadensis Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed.8, No. 4. 1768. 
Pinus alba Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 371. 1789. 
Abies alba Michx. Fl. Bor, Am. 2: 207. 1803. Not 
Mill. 1768. 
Picea alba Link, Linnaea, 15: 519. 1841. 
Picea Canadensis B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. ¥. 71. 1888. 
A slender tree, attaining a maximum height of 
about 150° and a trunk diameter of 3°, but usually 
much smaller. Twigs and sterigmata glabrous, 
pale and glaucous; leaves light green, slender, 6’’— 
8” long, very acute; cones cylindric or oblong- 
cylindric, pale, 1 '’—2’ long, 6’/-8’’ thick before the 
scales open; scales almost membranaceous, their 
margins usually quite entire; bracts incised. 
Newfoundland to Hudson Bay and Alaska, south to 
Maine, northern New York, Michigan, the Black Hills, 
Montana and British Columbia. Wood soft, weak, light 
yellow; weight per cubic foot 25 lbs. April-May. 
. P. Mariana. 
. BP. rubra, 
