58 PINACEAE. 
1. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. Bald Cypress. (Fig. 128.) 
Cupressus disticha I,. Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753. 
Taxodium distichum I,. C. Rich. Ann. Mus.Paris, 16: 
298. 1810. 
A large forest tree, attaining a maximum height 
of about 150° and a trunk diameter of 14°, the old 
bark flaky in thin strips. Leaves narrowly linear, 
flat, thin, 5’’-10’’ long, %4’” or less wide, rather 
light green, acute, those on some of the flowering 
branches smaller, scale-like; cones globose or 
slightly longer than thick, pendent at the ends of 
the branches, very compact, about 1/ in diameter ; 
surfaces of the scales irregularly rugose above the 
inversely triangular scar; seeds 4/’-5’’ long. 
In swamps and along rivers, Delaware (possibly in 
southern New Jersey) to Florida, west to Texas, north 
in the Mississippi Valley region to southern Indiana, 
Missouri and Arkansas. Wood soft, not strong, brown, 
very durable; weight per cubic foot 27 lbs. The roots 
develop upright conic ‘‘ knees’ sometimes 4° high and 
1° thick. March-April. 
We THUJA Sp: dole UCO2- met 5S. 
Evergreen trees or shrubs with frond-like foliage, the leaves small or minute, scale-like, 
appressed, imbricated, opposite, 4-ranked, those of the ultimate branchlets mostly obtuse, 
those of some of the larger twigs acute or subulate. Aments monoecious, both kinds ter- 
minal, the staminate globose; anthers opposite, 2-4-celled, the sacs globose, 2-valved. 
Ovule-bearing aments ovoid or oblong, small, their scales opposite, each bearing 2 (rarely 
2-5) erect ovules. Cones ovoid or oblong, mostly spreading or recurved, their scales 
6-10, coriaceous, opposite, not peltate, dry, spreading when mature. Seeds oblong, broadly 
or narrowly winged or wingless. [Name ancient. ] 
About 15 species, natives of North America and eastern Asia. Besides the following, another 
occurs from Idaho and Oregon to Alaska. 
1. Thuja occidentalis L. White Cedar. 
Arbor Vitae. (Fig. 129.) 
Thuja occidentalis I,. Sp. Pl. 1002. 1753. 
A conical tree, reaching a height of 65° and a 
trunk diameter of 5°, the old bark deciduous in 
ragged strips. Scale-like leaves of the ultimate 
branchlets nearly orbicular, obtuse, 1//-114’’ 
broad, the two lateral rows keeled, the two other 
rows flat, causing the twigs to appear much 
flattened ; leaves of the older twigs narrower and 
longer, acute or acuminate; mature cones 4’/-6’’ 
long, their scales obtuse ; seeds broadly winged. 
In wet soil and along the banks of streams, form- 
ing almost impenetrable forests northward, New 
Brunswick to James’ Bay and Manitoba, south to 
New Jersey, along the Alleghenies to North Caro- 
lina and to Illinois and Minnesota. Ascends to 
3500 ft. in the Adirondacks. Wood soft, brittle, 
weak, coarse-grained, light brown; weight per cubic 
foot 20 lbs, May-June. 
8. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 329. 1842. 
Evergreen trees, similar to the 7/ujas, with minute opposite appressed 4-ranked 
scale-like leaves, or those of older twigs subulate, and small monoecious terminal aments. 
Staminate aments as in 7/w/a, but the filaments broader and shield-shaped. Ovyule-bearing 
aments globose, their scales opposite, peltate, each bearing 2-5 erect ovules. Cones glo- 
bose, the scales thick, peltate, each bearing 2-5 erect seeds, closed until mature, each with 
acentral point or knob. Seeds winged. [Greek, meaning a low cypress. ] 
About 7 species, the following of the eastern United States, 2 in western North America, 3 or 4 
Japanese. 
