PINE FAMILY. CONIFERS. 59 
1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (I,.) B.S.P. Southern White Cedar. 
(Fig. 130.) 
Cupressus thyotdes I,. Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753. 
CRI REEY DIES sphaeroidea Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 331. 
Chamaccyparis thyoides B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 71. 
1888. 
A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of 
about 90° and a trunk diameter of 41%4°. Leaves of 
the ultimate branchlets ovate, acute, scarcely 14// 
wide, those of the lateral rows keeled, those of the 
vertical rows slightly convex, each with a minute 
round discoid marking on the centre of the back, 
those of the older twigs narrower and longer, subu- 
late; cones about 3/’ in diameter, blue, each of 
their closely fitting scales with a small central 
point ; seeds narrowly winged. 
In swamps, Massachusetts to northern New Jersey, 
south to Florida and Mississippi, mostly near the coast. 
Wood soft, weak, close-grained, light brown; weight 
per cubic foot 21 lbs. April-May. 
9. JUNIPERUS L. Sp. Pl. 1038. 1753. 
Evergreen trees or shrubs with opposite or verticillate, subulate or scale-like, sessile 
leaves, commonly of 2 kinds, and dioecious or sometimes monoecious, small globose axil- 
lary or terminal aments. Leaf-buds naked. Staminate aments oblong or ovoid; anthers 
2-6-celled, each sac 2-valved. Ovule-bearing aments of a few opposite somewhat fleshy 
scales, or these rarely verticillate in 3’s, each bearing a single erect ovule or rarely 2. Cones 
globose, berry-like by the coalescence of the fleshy scales, containing 1-6 wingless bony 
seeds. [Name Celtic. ] 
_ About 30 species, natives of the northern hemisphere, some of them extending into tropical re- 
gions. Besides the following, 4 or 5 others occur in the western parts of North America. 
Leaves all subulate, prickly pointed, verticillate; aments axillary. 
Small erect tree or shrub; leaves slender, mostly straight. 1. J. communts. 
Low depressed shrub; leaves stouter, mostly curved. 2. J. nana. 
Leaves of 2 kinds, scale-like and subulate, mostly opposite; aments terminal. 
Tree; fruit on short straight branches. 3. J. Virginiana. 
Depressed shrub; fruit on short recurved branches. 4. J. Sabina. 
I. Juniperus communis [,. Juniper. (Fig. 131.) 
Juniperus communis I,. Sp. Pl. 1040. 1753. 
A low tree or erect shrub, sometimes attaining a 
height of 25° and a trunk diameter of 10’, usually 
smaller, the branches spreading or drooping, the 
bark shreddy. Leaves all subulate, rigid, spreading, 
or some of the lower reflexed, mostly straight, prickly 
pointed, verticillate in 3’s, often with smaller ones fas- 
cicled in their axils, 5’/-10’” long, less than 1/’ wide, 
channeled and commonly whitened on the upper sur- 
face; aments axillary; berry-like cones sessile or very 
nearly so, dark blue, 3’/-4’’ diameter. 
On dry hills, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, western Nebraska 
and in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. Ascends 
to goo ft. in Pennsylvania. Also in Europe and Asia. 
The fruit is used for flavoring gin. April-May. Fruit 
ripe Oct. 
