60 PINACEAE. 
_ 2. Juniperus nana Willd. Low Juniper. (Fig. 132.) 
Juniperus Sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. n. 272. _1787.? 
Juniperus nana Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 854. _ 1806. 
Juniperus communis var. alpina Gaud. F1, Helv. 6: 
301. 1830. 
A depressed rigid shrub, seldom over 18’ high, 
forming circular patches often 10° in diameter. 
Leaves similar to those of the preceding species, 
but stouter, similarly channeled and often whitened 
above, appressed-ascending, rather rigid, spiny 
tipped, 4’’-6’ long, mostly incurved, densely 
clothing the twigs, verticillate in 3's ; aments axil- 
lary; berry-like cones blue, 4/’-5’’ in diameter. 
In dry, open places, Labrador to British Columbia, 
south to Massachusetts, New York, Michigan and in the 
Rocky Mountains to Colorado and Utah. Also in 
Europe and Asia. The characteristic growth in a de- 
pressed circular patch gives the plant a very different 
aspect from the true Juniper. April-May. 
3. Juniperus Virginiana IL. Red Cedar. Savin. (Fig. 133.) 
Juniperus Virginiana L,. Sp. Pl. 1039. 753° 
A tree, reaching a maximum height of about 
1oo° and a trunk diameter of 5°, conic when young, 
but the branches spreading in age so that the out- 
line becomes nearly cylindric. Leaves mostly 
opposite, all those of young plants and commonly 
some of those on the older twigs of older trees 
subulate, spiny-tipped, 2’’-4’’ long, those of the 
mature foliage scale-like, acute or subacute, closely 
appressed and imbricated, 4-ranked, causing the 
twigs to appear quadrangular; aments terminal ; 
berry-like cones light blue, glaucous, about 3’’ in 
diameter, borne on straight peduncle-like branch- 
lets of less than their own length, 1-2-seeded. 
In dry soil, New Brunswick to British Columbia, 
south to Florida, Texas, northern Mexico and Arizona. 
Also in the West Indies. Ascends to 2100 ft. in Vir- 
ginia. Wood soft, not strong, straight-grained, com- 
pact, odorous, red, the sap-wood white; weight per . : 
cubic foot 31 Ibs.; used in large quantities in the manufacture of lead pencils. April-May. 
Fruit ripe Sept.-Oct. 
4. Juniperus Sabina L. Shrubby Red 
Cedar. (Fig. 134.) 
Juniperus Sabina 1. Sp. Pl. 1039. 1753 
Juniperus Sabina var. procumbens Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. 647. 1814. 
: ee 
WS - 
A depressed, usually procumbent shrub, seldom 
more than 4° high. Leaves similar to those of the 
preceding species, those of young plants and the 
older twigs of older plants subulate, spiny-tipped, 
those of the mature foliage scale-like, appressed, 
4-ranked, acute or acuminate; aments terminal ; 
berry-like cones light blue, somewhat glaucous, 
4’/-5’’ in diameter, borne on recurved peduncle- 
like branchlets of less than their own length, 
1—4-seeded. 
On banks, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to 
Maine, northern New York, Minnesota and Montana. 
Also in Europe and Asia. April-May. 
