148 GRAMINEAE. 
2. Phleum alpinum LL. Mountain Phleum. (Fig. 335. ) 
Phleum alpinum I,. Sp. Pl. 59. 1753. 
Glabrous, culms 6/-18/ tall, erect or sometimes de- 
cumbent at the base, simple, smooth. Sheaths often 
much shorter than the internodes, sometimes longer, 
the upper one usually much inflated; ligule about 
1’’ long, truncate; leaves smooth beneath, scabrous 
above, the lower 2/—3/ long, 1/’-4’’ wide; upper leaf 
generally very short, less than 1’ long; spike short, 
ovoid to oblong and cylindric, 14’-2’ in length, 3/’-6’” 
in diameter; outer scales of the spikelet, exclusive of 
the awn, 114’ long, strongly ciliate on the keel, the 
awn about one-half their length. 
Labrador to Alaska, south to the mountains of New 
Hampshire, Vermont, Arizona and California. Also in 
northern Europe and Asia and in Patagonia, Summer. 
29. ALOPECURUS L.. Sp. Pl. 60. 1753. 
Annual or perennial grasses with erect or decumbent culms, usually flat leaves, and spi- 
cate inflorescence. Spikelets 1-flowered, flattened; scales 3, the 2 lower empty, acute, some- 
times short-awned, more or less united below, compressed-keeled; keel ciliate or somewhat 
winged; third scale truncate or obtuse, hyaline, 3-nerved, awned on the back, subtend- 
ing a perfect flower and usually a palet; palet hyaline, acute, sometimes wanting. Stamens 
3. Styles distinct or rarely united at the base. Stigmas elongated, hairy. [Greek, signify- 
ing Fox-tail Grass, in allusion to the spikes. ] 
_ About 20 species, principally natives of the north temperate zone. Besides the following, some 
4 others occur in western North America. 
Outer scales of the spikelet united for one-half their length, smooth to hispid on the keel. 
1. A. agrestis. 
Outer scales of the spikelet united for one-quarter their length or less,long-ciliate on the keel. 
Scales 1/'-1"' in length. 2. A. geniculatus. 
Scales 2'’-3'' in length. 
Spike 1s'-2's' long; outer scales glabrous or sparingly pubescent on the lateral nerves. 
3. A. pratensis. 
Spike 114’ long or less; outer scales villous. 4. A. alpinus. 
1. Alopecurus agréstis I Slender Foxtail. (Fig. 336.) 
Alopecurus agrestis I,. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 89. 1762. 
Smooth or slightly scabrous, culms 1°-2° tall, erect, 
simple. Sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligule 
1/’ long, truncate ; leaves 114/—7’ long, 1//-3’’ wide, 
scabrous, especially above; spike 114/-4/ long, 2’/-4// 
thick ; outer scales of the spikelet united at the base 
for about half their length, narrowly wing-keeled, 
2//-214’’ long, the nerves smooth or scabrous, some- 
times hispid below, especially on the keel; third scale 
equalling or slightly exceeding the outer ones, smooth 
and glabrous, the awn inserted near the base, about 
twice its length, bent. 
In waste places and ballast, southern New York and 
New Jersey. Adventive from Europe. Native also of 
Asia. July—Aug. 
