166 GRAMINEAE. 
We AMMOPHILA Host. Gram. Austr. 4: 24. pl. gz. 1809. 
Tall perennial grasses with flat leaves, convolute above, and dense spike-like panicles 
Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower and hairy. Scales 3, rigid, 
chartaceous, acute, keeled; the 2 outer empty, the lower 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved; 
third scale 5-nerved, with a ring of short hairs at the base, subtending a chartaceous 2-nerved 
palet and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, 
loosely enclosed in the scale and palet. [Greek, signifying sand-loving, in allusion to the 
habitat of these grasses. ] 
‘Two species, the following widely distributed along the fresh and salt-water shores of the 
northern hemisphere, the other European. 
1. Ammophila arenaria (I,.) Link. Sea Sand-reed. Sea Mat-weed. 
Maram. (Fig. 380.) 
Arundo arenaria I, Sp. Pl. 82. 1753. 
Calamagrostis arenaria Roth, Fl, Germ. 1: 34. 1788. 
Ammophila arundinacea Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 24. 1809. 
Ammophila arenaria Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 105. 1827. 
Glabrous, culms 2°-4° tall, erect, rigid, stout, 
smooth, arising from a long horizontal branching root- 
stock. Sheaths smooth, the lower short, crowded and 
overlapping, the upper longer; ligule a mere ring; 
leaves 6’-1° long or more, rigid, attenuate into a long 
slender involute point, smooth beneath, scabrous 
above; spike-like panicle dense, 4/-12’ in length, 
6//-8’’ thick, its branches 1%’ long or less, appressed; 
spikelets 5’’-6’’ long, the scales scabrous, about equal 
in length, the third usually with the rudiment of an 
awn just below the apex; basal hairs 1/’-2’ long. 
In sands of the sea coast from New Brunswick to Vir- 
ginia, and inland along the shores of the Great Lakes. 
Also on the coasts of northern Europe. Aug.—Sept. 
, 
38. CALAMOVILFA Hack. True Grasses, 113. 1890. 
Tall grasses with stout horizontal rootstocks, elongated leaves, which are involute at the 
apex, and paniculate inflorescence. Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla not prolonged beyond 
the flower. Scales 3, 1-nerved, acute, the 2 outer unequal, empty; third scale longer or shorter 
than the second, with a ring of hairs at the base; palet strongly 2-keeled. Stamens 3. 
Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free. Seed adherent to the pericarp. [Greek, 
signifying a reed-like grass. ] 
Three known species, natives of the temperate and subtropical regions of North America. 
Spikelets 2''-2'4'’ long, the basal hairs less than half the length of the third scale. 1. C. brevipilis. 
Spikelets 3''-4'’ long, the basal hairs more than half the length of the third scale. 2. C. longifolia. 
1. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Hack. Short-haired Reed-grass. 
(Fig. 381.) 
Arundo brevipilis Torr. Fl. U. S. 1:95. 1824. 
Calamagrostis brevipilis A. Gray, Man. 582. 1848. 
Calamovilfa brevipilis Hack. True Grasses, 113. 1890. 
Glabrous and smooth or very nearly so, culms 2°-4° 
tall, erect, simple. Sheaths shorter than the inter- 
nodes; ligule a ring of very short hairs; leaves 6’—12’ 
long, 114’ wide or less, attenuate into a long slender 
involute tip, smooth beneath, slightly scabrous 
above; panicle open, 5’—10’ in length, the branches as- 
cending, the lower 2’—4’ long; spikelets 2’’/-2'3’’ long; 
scales acute, scabrous toward the apex, the outer un- 
equal, the first one-half as long as the second; third 
scale exceeding the second, pubescent on the lower 
half of the keel; basal hairs one-third the length 
of the scale; palet nearly equalling the scale, pubes- 
cent on the lower half of the keel. 
In swamps, pine barrens of New Jersey. Local. Aug.— 
Sept. 
