GRASS FAMILY. 167 
2. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. lLong-leaved Reed-grass. 
(Fig. 382.) 
Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 
241. 1840. 
Calamovilfa longifolia Hack. True Grasses, 113. 
1890. 
Culms 2°-6° tall, erect, simple, stout, smooth 
and glabrous. Sheaths crowded and overlap- 
ping, glabrous or rarely pilose; ligule a ring of 
hairs about 1/’ long; leaves 8’-1° long or more, 
panicle narrow, often 1° long or more, pale, 
the branches erect or ascending, the lower 4/— 
10’ long; spikelets 3//-4’’ long; scales acute, 
smooth, the first shorter than the second; the 
third a little longer or slightly shorter than the 
second, and nearly twice the length of the 
copious basal hairs; palet slightly shorter than 
the third scale. 
On sandy shores, western Ontario and Manitoba 
to the Rocky Mountains, south to Indiana, Kansas 
and Colorado. July—Sept. 
39. APERA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 495- 1763. 
Annual grasses with narrow flat leaves, and ample open or contracted panicles. Spikelets 
1-flowered, small, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower into a bristle. Scales 3; the 
2 outer empty, unequal, thin, membranous, keeled, acute; the third scale a little shorter, 
membranous, bearing a long slender awn inserted just below the shortly 2-toothed apex; 
palet a little shorter than the scale, 2-keeled, 2-toothed. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, short. 
Stigmas plumose. Grain narrow, free, included in the scale. Seed adherent to the pericarp. 
[Greek, signifying not mutilated, whole or entire; application uncertain. ] 
Two species, natives of Europe and western Asia. 
1. Apera Spica-vénti (I,.) Beauv. Silky Bent-grass. Windlestraw. 
(Fig. 383.) 
Agrostis Spica-venti I, Sp. Pl. 61. 1753. 
Apera Spica-venti Beauv. Agrost. 151. 1812. 
Culms 1°-2° tall, erect, simple, slender, smooth 
and glabrous. Sheaths usually longer than the 
internodes, the upper one generally including 
the base of the panicle; ligule 1//-3’7 long; 
leaves 1/-7’ long, %/’/-2/’ wide, scabrous; pan- 
icle 3/-9/ in length, the branches erect or as- 
cending, capillary, 114/-3/ long; outer scales of 
the spikelet 1//-11(’’ long, acute, smooth and 
shining; third scale hairy or nearly smooth, bear- 
ing a dorsal scabrous awn 3//-4’’ long; rudiment 
at the end of the rachilla less than 1/’’ long. 
In waste places and on ballast, Maine to southern 
New York and Pennsylvania. Adventive from 
Europe. June-July. 
