244 CYPERACEAE. 
24. Cyperus refractus Engelm. Reflexed Cyperus. (Fig. 566.) 
Cyperus refractus Engelm.; Boeck]. Linnaea, 36: 360. 
1869-70. 
Perennial by tuber-like corms, culm stout, 
smooth, 1°-3° tall. Leaves 2'4’/-4/’ wide, rough- 
margined, elongated; umbel 6-13-rayed, usually 
compound, the longer rays sometimes 8’ long, 
their sheaths terminating in 1 or 2 short teeth; in- 
volucels setaceous; raylets filiform; spikelets very 
narrowly linear, loosely spicate, acute, flattish, 
5//-12/’ long, 4’ thick, 3-6-flowered, the upper 
spreading, the lower reflexed; scales yellowish- 
green, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, closely appressed, 
g-11-nerved, thin; stamens 3; style 3-cleft, its 
branches much exserted; achene narrowly linear, 
obtuse, apiculate, about 5 times as long as thick, 
and one-half as long as the scale. 
In dry fields, New Jersey to North Carolina and 
Missouri. July—Sept. 
25. Cyperus retrofractus (l,.) Torr. Rough Cyperus. 
Scirpus retrofractus I, Sp. Pl. 50. 1753. 
Cyperus retrofractus Torr.; A. Gray, Man. 519. 1848. 
Perennial by tuber-like corms, culm slender, 
rough-puberulent, at least above, mostly longer than 
the puberulent leaves, 1°-3° tall. Leaves 114//-214/’ 
wide, those of the involucre 4-7, the longer not 
greatly exceeding the umbel, sometimes shorter; um- 
bel simple; rays very slender, nearly erect, or spread- 
ing, 2’-6’ long, their sheaths 2-toothed; heads ob- 
long or obovoid; spikelets linear-subulate, 3//-6/’ 
long, about 34’ thick, 1~2-flowered, all soon strongly 
reflexed, separating from the axis at maturity; flow- 
ering scales lanceolate, acute, the upper one subu- 
late, all strongly several-nerved; stamens 3; style 
3-cleft; achene linear, 3-angled, obtuse, apiculate, 
two-thirds as long as the scale. 
In dry, sandy soil, southern New Jersey to Florida, 
west to Kentucky, Arkansas and Texas. July-Sept. wh 
26. Cyperus Lancastriénsis Porter. Lancaster Cyperus. (Fig. 568.) 
=< = Cyperus Lancastriensis Porter; A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 
i" 
H] aS) 
{WV 
/| 
: i e /f 
|| AN/ / 
smooth, mostly longer than the leaves, 1°-214° tall. 
Leaves 2’/-3’’ wide, those of the involucre 4~7, the 
longer much exceeding the inflorescence; umbel 
simple, 5-9-rayed, the longer rays 2/-4’ long, their 
sheaths nearly truncate; heads oval, obtuse, 14/1” 
long; spikelets densely clustered, 4’’—5’’ long, linear, 
subterete, 2-4-flowered, the lower reflexed, the mid- 
dle ones spreading, all separating from the axis at 
maturity; scales green, strongly several-nerved, the 
flowering ones lanceolate, subacute; stamens 3; 
style 3-cleft; achene linear, obtuse, apiculate, 2-3 
times as long as thick, two-thirds as long as the 
scale, 
| 555. 1867. 
/ Perennial by ovoid or oblong corms, culm slender, 
fl 
ay 
i 
— 
—_ 
Z 
= In dry fields, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Vir- 
ginia and Alabama, July-Sept. 
