246 CYPERACEAE. 
30. Cyperus Hotghtoni Torr. Houghton’s Cyperus. (Fig. 572.) 
. ae Houghtoni Torr. Ann, Lyc. N. Y. 3: 277- 
1836. 
Perennial by tuber-like corms, culms very 
slender, smooth, erect, 1°-2° tall. Leaves shorter 
than the culm, 1’’ wide or less, smooth, those of 
involucre 3-5, the longer much exceeding the um- 
bel; umbel simple, 1-5-rayed, the rays mostly 
short, their sheaths 2-toothed; spikelets loosely 
capitate, linear, compressed, acute, 4/’-8’’ long, 
about 1’ wide, 11-15-flowered, falling away from 
the axis when mature; scales chestnut brown, firm, 
somewhat spreading, shining, oblong, obtuse, 
truncate or apiculate, strongly about 11-nerved; 
rachis very narrowly winged; stamens 3; style 
3-cleft; achene broadly oblong, less then twice as 
long as thick, 3-angled, brown, apiculate, nearly 
as long as the scale. 
In sandy soil, Massachusetts to Minnesota, Kansas 
and Oregon. July—Aug. 
31. Cyperus Grayi Torr. Gray’s 
Cyperus. (Fig. 573.) 
Cyperus Grayt Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 268. 1836. 
Perennial by thick hard oblong or ovoid corms, 
culms tufted, ascending or reclined, stiff, smooth, 
very slender, 6/-20’ long. Leaves shorter than 
the culm, bright green, 1’’ wide or less, those of 
the involucre 4-8, the longer somewhat exceeding 
the umbel; umbel 4-10-rayed, simple, the longer 
rays 3/-4’ long; sheaths of the rays truncate or 
nearly so; spikelets 214’/-5’’ long, loosely capitate, 
compressed, linear, rigid, spreading; scales green, 
ovate, obtuse or subacute, strongly 13-15-nerved, 
rather widely spreading when old; joints of the 
rachis broadly winged; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; 
achene oblong or oblong-obovoid, obtuse, apicu- 
late, about two-thirds as long as the scale. 
In sands of the seashore and in pine barrens, Massa- 
chusetts to Florida. July—Sept. 
32. Cyperus echinatus (Ell.) Wood. Baldwin’s Cyperus. (Fig. 574.) 
Mariscus echinatus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 75. pl. 3- 
ies Baldwinti Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.3:270. 1836. 
Cyperus echinatus Wood, Class-book, 734. 1863. 
Perennial by tuber-like corms, culm slender, 
smooth, erect, mostly longer than the leaves. 
Leaves pale green, 114’/-2’’ wide, those of the in- 
volucre 5-10, the longer usually much exceeding 
the umbel; umbel simple, 6-13-rayed; the rays fili- 
form, their sheaths short, mucronate; spikelets 2//— 
3’’ long, linear, flat, densely or loosely capitate in 
globose heads; scales thin, pale green, appressed, 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, 9-13-nerved, with narrow 
scarious margins; joints of the rachis broadly 
winged; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene oblong- 
obovoid, obtuse, one-half as long as the scale, about 
twice as long as thick. 
In dry soil, sometimes a weed in cultivated fields, 
North Carolina to Florida, west to Missouri and Texas. 
July-Aug. 
