262 CYPERACEAE. 
1. Scirpus nanus Spreng. Dwarf Club-rush. (Fig. 609. ) 
Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pug. 1:4. 1815. 
Eleocharis pygmaea Torr. Ann. Lye. N. ¥.3:313. 1836- 
Annual, roots fibrous, culms filiform, flattened, 
grooved, tufted, erect or ascending, 1/-2’ high, 
bearing a scarious bladeless sheath near the base. 
Spikelet solitary, terminal, ovoid-oblong, rather 
acute, 3-8-flowered, 1/’/-114’’ long, not subtended 
by a bract; scales ovate or lanceolate, pale green, 
the lower obtuse, the upper subacute; bristles about 
6, downwardly barbed, longer than the achene; 
stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene oblong, 3-angled, 
pale, pointed at each end, smooth. 
Muddy places in salt marshes, Cape Breton Island 
to Florida and Texas, and about salt springs in New 
York and Michigan. Also on the Pacific Coast of 
North America and on the coasts of Europe. July—Sept- 
2. Scirpus paucifldrus Lightf. Few-flowered Club-rush. (Fig. 610.) 
Scirpus paucifiorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078. 1777. 
Eleocharis pauciflorus Vink, Hort. Berol. 1: 284. 1827. 
Perennial by filiform rootstocks, culms very slender, 
little tufted, 3-angled, grooved, leafless, 3’—10’ tall, the 
upper sheath truncate. Spikelet terminal, solitary, not 
subtended by an involucral bract, oblong, compressed, 
4-Io-flowered, 2/’-3/’ long, nearly 1/’ wide; scales 
brown with lighter margins and midvein, lanceolate, 
acuminate; bristles 2-6, hispid, as long as the achene or 
longer; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene obovoid-oblong, 
gray, rather abruptly beaked, its surface finely re- 
ticulated. 
In wet soil, Anticosti and Ontario to western New York, 
Minnesota and British Columbia, south in the Rocky Moun- 
tains to Colorado, and in the Sierra Nevada. Also in 
northern Euope. July—Oct. 
3. Scirpus caespitosus L. Tufted Club-rush. (Fig. 611.) 
Scirpus caespitosus L,. Sp. Pl. 48. 1753. 
Perennial, culms smooth, terete, densely tufted, 
light green, erect or ascending, almost filiform, wiry, 
4’-15’ long. Basal sheaths numerous, membran- 
ous, imbricated, acuminate, the upper one bearing a 
short very narrow blade; spikelet solitary, terminal, 
few-flowered, ovoid-oblong, about 2’ long, sub- 
tended by a subulate involucral leaf of about 
its own length; scales yellowish-brown, ovate, 
obtuse or subacute, deciduous; bristles 6, smooth, 
longer than the achene; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; 
achene oblong, smooth, 3-angled, brown, acute. 
In bogs and on moist rocks, Greenland to Alaska, 
south to the mountains of New England, the Adiron- 
dacks, western New York, Illinois, Minnesota and 
British Columbia, in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, 
and on the higher summits of the southern Alleghe- 
nies. Alsoin Europe and Asia. June-Aug. 
