ee es ery tS 
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SEDGE FAMILY. 267 
16. Scirpus Californicus (C. A. Meyer) Britton. California Bulrush. 
(Fig. 624.) 
Elytrospermum Californicum C. A. Meyer, Mem. 
Acad. St. Petersb. (V.) 1: 201. pl. 2. 1831. 
Scirpus Tatora Kunth, Enum. 2: 166. 1837. 
Scirpus Californicus Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 
11:79. 1892. 
Perennial, similar to the preceding species, the 
leaves reduced to basal sheaths. Involucral leaf 
very short, stoutly subulate, umbel compound; 
spikelets 3//-5’’ long, acute, peduncled or some of 
them sessile; scales brown, ovate, awn-pointed by 
the excurrent midvein; bristles shorter than or 
equalling the achene, short-plumose below; sta- 
mens 2-3; style 2-cleft; achene obovate, plano-con- 
vex, nearly white, narrowed above into a short 
point, contracted at the base, its surface finely cel- 
lular-reticulated. 
In swamps, Florida to Louisiana, New Mexico and 
California, and widely distributed in tropical America. 
Not certainly known within our area. June—Aug. 
17. Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad. Red Clubrush. (Fig. 625. ) 
Schoenus rufus Huds. Fl. Angl. Ed. 2,15. _ 1778. 
Scirpus rufus Schrad,. Fl. Germ. 1: 133. 1806. 
Perennial by slender rootstocks, culms tufted, 
smooth, slender, erect, somewhat compressed, 3/— 
15’ tall. Leaves half-terete, smooth, shorter than 
the culm, channeled, %/’-3/ long, less than 1/ 
wide, the lowest reduced to bladeless sheaths; 
spikelets red-brown, few-flowered, narrowly ovoid- 
oblong, subacute, about 3/ long, erect in a termi- 
nal 2-ranked spike 14/—1/ long; involucral leaf soli- 
tary, erect, narrowly linear, equalling or longer 
than the spike; scales lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved; 
bristles 3-6, upwardly barbed, shorter than the 
achene, deciduous; stamens 3; style 2-cleft; achene 
oblong, pointed at both ends, light brown, plano- 
convex or slightly angled in front, 114’/-2’’ long. 
In marshes, New Brunswick and Quebec to the North- 
west Territory. Also in northern Europe. Summer. 
18. Scirpus campéstris Britton. Prairie Bulrush. (Fig. 626.) 
Perennial by slender rootstocks, culm slender, 
smooth, sharply triangular, 1°-2° tall. Leaves 
usually pale green, smooth, shorter than or over- 
topping the culm, 1’/-2’’ wide, those of the inyo- 
lucre 2 or 3, the longer much exceeding the inflor- 
escence; spikelets 3-10 in a dense terminal simple 
head, oblong-cylindric, mostly acute, 8’/-12’’ long, 
2%4’’-4’’ in diameter; scales ovate, membranous, 
puberulent or glabrous, pale brown, 2-toothed at 
the apex, the midvein excurrent into an ascending 
or spreading awn about 1/’ long; bristles 1-3, much 
shorter than the achene or none; style 2-cleft 
(sometimes 3-cleft ?); achene lenticular, obovate or 
oblong-oyate, mucronulate, yellow-brown, its sur- 
face strongly cellular-reticulated. 
On wet prairies and plains, Manitoba and Minnesota 
to Nebraska, Kansas and Mexico, west to Nevada. 
May-Aug. 
