274 CYPERACEAE. 
11, FUIRENA Rottb. Descr. & Ic. HOP PUD: ger ta Se 
Perennial sedges, with leafy triangular culms (in a southern species the leaves reduced 
to inflated sheaths), and many-flowered terete spikelets in terminal and axillary clusters, or 
rarely solitary. Scales spirally imbricated all around, awned, the 1 or 2 lower commonly 
empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 ovate oblong or cordate-ovate, stalked, often awned 
sepals, usually alternating with as many downwardly barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Style 3- 
cleft, not swollen at the base, deciduous. Achene stalked or nearly sessile, sharply 3-angled, 
acute or mucronate, smooth. (In honor of Georg Fuiren, 1581-1628, Danish physician. ) 
About 20 species, natives of warm-temperate and tropical regions. Besides the following, 1 or 
2 others occur in the southern United States. 
Sepals awned from the apex or awnless. 1. FF. squarrosa. 
Sepals awned on the back below the apex. 2. F. simplex. 
1. Fuirena squarrésa Michx. Squarrose Fuirena. (Fig. 644.) 
Futrena squarrosa Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 1: 37. 
1803. 
Fuirena squarrosa var. pumila Torr. F1. U. S. 
1:68. 1824. 
Rootstock short, stout, sometimes tuber- 
bearing; culms tufted, glabrous or nearly 
so, 2’-2° tall. Leaves flat, nearly or quite 
glabrous or the lower sheaths pubescent; 
spikelets sessile and 1-10 together in ter- 
minal and usually also lateral capitate 
clusters, ovoid or ovoid-oblong, acute or 
obtuse, 3/’-6’" long, about 2%’ in dia- 
meter; scales ovate or oblong, brown, 
pubescent, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, tipped 
with a stout spreading or recurved awn of 
nearly their own length; sepals oblong, 
long-stalked, usually narrowed at both 
ends, tapering into a slender terminal 
downwardly barbed or sometimes smooth 
awn; bristles mostly longer than the 
achene, sometimes as long as the sepals. 
In wet meadows and marshes, Massachusetts 
to Florida and Louisiana, near the coast. Also 
in Michigan and Nebraska. July-Sept. 
Fuirena squarrosa hispida ( Ell.) Chapm. Fl. S. States, 514. 1860. 
Fuirena hispida FN. Bot. §. C. & Ga. 1:579. 1821. ‘ 
Sheaths and leaves hirsute; sepals ovate, cordate at the base or abruptly narrowed into the 
stalk, awnless or very short-awned at the apex; bristles usually shorter than or equalling the 
achene; plant usually taller. New York to Florida, west to Alabama and Texas. Perhaps a dis- 
tinct species. 
2. Fuirena simplex Vahl. Western 
Fuirena. (Fig. 645.) 
Futrena simplex Vahl, Enum. 2: 384. 1806. 
Fuirena squarrosa var. aristulata Torr. Aun. 
Lyc. N. Y. 3: 291. - 1836. 
Similar to the preceding species, root- 
stock short, thick; culms slender, 5’—2° tall, 
glabrous. Leaves flat, glabrous or ciliate; 
scales tipped with a spreading or reflexed 
awn; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse and usually 
notched at the apex, obtuse, truncate or sub- 
cordate at the base, longer or shorter than 
their stalks, awned on the back from below 
the apex, the awn varying in length, smooth 
or downwardly barbed; bristles retrorsely 
hispid, equalling or exceeding the sessile or 
short-stalked achene. 
In moist soil, Kansas to Texa® and Mexico. 
June-Sept. 
